Tuesday, 12. September 2006, 23:09:00
Obdormio was asking me for some advice on Gandalf's connection to Odin on a paper he's writing (damn, that guy gets all the nice ones!), and one thing leading to another, I find I've got plenty of ideas on the subject, and I want to get them down on paper (or computer screen), collected in one place.
Thus, this post was born. (Well, allright, there was another incident involving Terje serving as midwife, but we'll let that lie, not because it was nasty, but because I just made it sound nasty, and I don't want to shatter your illusions; I hear that's mean.)
Now edited to include some points I brought up in the commentsThere are a lot of similarities between Odin and Gandalf, first and foremost, maybe, their appearance. Both are elderly, bearded men, depicted often as a sage wanderer with a long-brimmed hat and a staff in one hand. Both go by a vast amount of various names, two of them, as the title of this post demonstrates, rather similar.
But that's just the tip of the iceberg. Gandalf (SPOILER FOR
LORD OF THE RINGS, PEOPLE! (as if anyone reading this hasn't read LotR)) dies. Gandalf comes back. Gandalf has acquired new strenght - the added blessings of the Valar, and a shiny promotion.
Odin dies. (He hangs himself) Odin comes back. Odin has aquired new strenght - the knowledge and magic of the dead.
Now, I do realize that Odin isn't the only mythological and/or religious figure to die and return - far from it. Jesus, I hear, did something along the same line. Jesus died for others, and after his return, his function is that of a saviour. While Gandalf, too, died for others, and Odin didn't, and so obviously Gandalf has elements of Christ in his character, but it isn't Gandalf the White who is the saviour of
Lord of the Rings. That is, if anyone, Frodo, and this post isn't about him. Yes, Gandalf returns, and yes, Gandalf kicks badguy ass, but he doesn't really save anybody until AFTER everybody is saved by Frodo, Sam, and Gollum. Then he gets to "save" Bilbo and Frodo by shipping them with him to Valinor. Jesus-element you might say? Maybe, but also very much Odin.
Odin is a god of transition. There is a reason for the Romans considering him a version of Mercury and Hermes, the Roman and Greek gods of messengers, transitions and travel between planes of existance. Odin is the god of war, the god of death, the god to whom you travel after you finish your life's task in battle. Like, more or less, Frodo did in
Lord of the Rings. So when Gandalf brings the "fallen" (not technically, I know, but come on, the guy was done) hero to the blessed realm of Valinor, this could easily be Odin greeting the fallen warrior in Valhalla.
I mean, "Valinor" - "Valhalla", come
on.
Then there's the horse. In Norse myth, there is one supercalifragilisticexpialidocious horsie, and that's Sleipner, the eight-legged horse of Odin who can run like the wind. In
Lord of the Rings, who rides the Horse To Rule Them All (aka Shadowfax)? Who is the only one he'll let ride him?
Why, Gandalf, of course.
Allright, so we've established, there are similarities. But surely, Gandalf as Odin isn't just taken out of context and placed in Middle-Earth?
Of course not. He brought his brother.
Saruman, in the story, is widely known for two things - his mind (Saruman the Wise) and his supernaturally quick and convincing tongue.
Saruman, outside of the story, in real life, as a character, is known primarily for one thing - treachery.
Saruman is the brother of Gandalf - not a real brother, but as close as you get. Saruman considers himself the smartest guy around. He is arrogant, and speaks with contempt of those he considers beneath him, like Radagast the Brown. Saruman is a good-guy, at first, but he isn't afraid of dabbling with the dark power Sauron, being convinced they can't touch someone as clever as him. And Saruman creates evil creatures to fight the right order of things.
Any of this sounding familiar?
There's this guy named Loki...
Loki, in the myths, is widely known for two things - his mind (Loki the Clever) and his amazing ability to talk his - and other's - way out of any situation, or talk others into any situation.
Loki, outside of the myths, in real life, as a figure, is known primarily for one thing - treachery.
Loki is the brother of Odin - not a real brother, but as close as you get. Loki considers himself the smartest guy around. He is arrogant, and speaks with contempt of those he considers beneath him, like Bragi, or Heimdall. Loki is a good-guy, at first, but he isn't afraid of keeping contact with the chaotic powers of the Jotnir, being convinced they can't touch someone as clever as him. And Loki spawns chaotic creatures who someday will threaten the right order of things.
Saruman and Gandalf is frequently described as being similar in appearance. Loki and Odin, while not a widely accepted theory, have by some scholars been considered to originally have been the same divinity due to their very similar character-traits, pre-norse mythology.
And both Saruman and Loki, while having done terrible deeds, didn't turn openly against their previous allies until Gandalf and Odin, respectively, gave the order - Gandalf stripping Saruman of rank, Odin sending the Aesir after Loki to capture him. Both are reduced to pitiful fates - one a beggar, the other a tortured captive - but both gain one last petty stab at their former brother, and in their small, pitiful state, neither reaches high. Loki, after making some earthquakes, gets free and dies killing Odin's son Heimdall. Saruman scourges the Shire, the land closest to the heart of his old brother.
Gandalf and Saruman don't have monopoly on maybe being Odin and Loki, though. Another character of LotR who could be seen as Odin is Frodo, but there, the comparison isn't as obvious, though I think I could make a case for it. If he is, then Gollum, I'd think, is Loki.
There's a third couple of brothers who shadow Odin/Loki and Frodo/Gollum - Faramir/Boromir (Or possibly Aragorn/Boromir). Of the three treacheries in LotR (I'm not counting Grima's here, as it doesn't fit

), all traitors are coupled with a brotherly character who either identifies with or are from the outside identified closely with the traitor. Frodo sees himself in Gollum. Aragorn sees himself in Boromir, as does Faramir. Gandalf and Saruman are, as mentioned, time and time again mentioned as similar.
It is of course unlikely that this has been conscious on Tolkien's part, but there is a trend, here. The odd thing is in none of these couples - Saruman/Gandalf, Boromir/Faramir, Frodo/Gollum - the dominant part responds to Odin, the dominant part in the Odin/Loki-pairing. Always, the strongest is the one to fall, as Loki, and the weakest the one to meet the challenge and stay true. The exception here would be in the Aragorn-Boromir-pairing, which is truer to the Odin/Loki-pair in this respect - Aragorn is, to the outsider, clearly the most capable (though Boromir is by no means incapable) of the two, but to Boromir,
he is the one who sees most clearly. Just as for Loki, he is convinced he knows better than his older "brother".
But all in all, if there is one clear Odin-Loki-parabel in LotR, it is to Gandalf and Saruman. Now, of course, there is a hole in this theory. A rather big one.
You see, Loki had yet another connection to Odin.
And, as far as Tolkien has told us, Saruman
wasn't the mother of Shadowfax.