“新视野”发回的木星图集
Friday, 9. March 2007, 12:35:55
Gallery of Jupiter Images from New Horizons
03.02.07
This dramatic image of Io was taken by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) on New Horizons at 11:04 Universal Time on February 28, 2007, just about 5 hours after the spacecraft's closest approach to Jupiter. The distance to Io was 2.5 million kilometers (1.5 million miles) and the image is centered at 85 degrees west longitude. At this distance, one LORRI pixel subtends 12 kilometers (7.4 miles) on Io.
2007年2月28日世界时11:04，在“新视野”号达到距木星最近处之后仅5小时，飞船上的远距勘测成像器（LORRI）拍到了木卫一的这幅生动图像。当时距木卫一250万千米，图像中心对准的是西经85度。在此距离上，LORRI 的每像素折合木卫一上12千米。
This processed image provides the best view yet of the enormous 290-kilometer (180-mile) high plume from the volcano Tvashtar, in the 11 o'clock direction near Io's north pole. The plume was first seen by the Hubble Space Telescope two weeks ago and then by New Horizons on February 26; this image is clearer than the February 26 image because Io was closer to the spacecraft, the plume was more backlit by the Sun, and a longer exposure time (75 milliseconds versus 20 milliseconds) was used. Io's dayside was deliberately overexposed in this picture to image the faint plumes, and the long exposure also provided an excellent view of Io's night side, illuminated by Jupiter. The remarkable filamentary structure in the Tvashtar plume is similar to details glimpsed faintly in 1979 Voyager images of a similar plume produced by Io's volcano Pele. However, no previous image by any spacecraft has shown these mysterious structures so clearly.
这张处理过的照片提供了从火山 Tvashtar 喷出的290千米高的羽状物迄今最佳景象，该火山位于11点钟方向靠近木卫一北极。该羽状物在两周前首次被“哈勃”空间望远镜发现，之后就是2月26日“新视野”号的观察；由于木卫一靠的比较近这张图像比2月26日的要清晰，羽状物被后面的阳光照亮，并使用了比较长的曝光时间（75毫秒对20毫秒）。木卫一的向阳面故意的曝光过度以显示出模糊的羽状物，同时长的曝光时间提供了木卫一被木星照亮的夜面极好景象。在 Tvashtar 羽状物中引人注目的纤细结构同1979年“旅行者”曾瞥见的由 Pele 火山制造的较小羽状物的细节很相似。但是先前任何飞船的图像都没有如此清晰地展示出这些神秘的结构。
The image also shows the much smaller symmetrical fountain of the plume, about 60 kilometers (or 40 miles) high, from the Prometheus volcano in the 9 o'clock direction. The top of a third volcanic plume, from the volcano Masubi, erupts high enough to catch the setting Sun on the night side near the bottom of the image, appearing as an irregular bright patch against Io's Jupiter-lit surface. Several Everest-sized mountains are highlighted by the setting Sun along the terminator, the line between day and night.
图片中还显示了小得多的对成羽状喷泉，在9点钟方向从“普罗米修斯”（Prometheus）火山喷出，大约60千米高。第三高的火山尾羽来自图像中靠近底部的 Masubi 火山，喷发的高度足以使其在夜面捕捉到落日的光芒，看上去就像木卫一被木星照亮那一面上的一块不规则补丁。沿着晨昏线有几座珠峰般高的山脉被落日照亮。
This is the last of a handful of LORRI images that New Horizons is sending "home" during its busy close encounter with Jupiter - hundreds of images and other data are being taken and stored onboard. The rest of the images will be returned to Earth over the coming weeks and months as the spacecraft speeds along to Pluto.
这是“新视野”号在其与木星繁忙的交汇期间传回地球的少数 LORRI 图像中的最后一幅——数百张图像和其他采集到的数据都存储在飞船上。这些剩下的图像将在飞船加速飞向冥王星的随后几周到几个月的时间里送回地球。
Best of Ganymede
木卫三的最佳图像
This is New Horizons' best image of Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon, taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 10:01 Universal Time on February 27 from a range of 3.5 million kilometers (2.2 million miles). The longitude of the disk center is 38 degrees West and the image scale is 17 kilometers (11 miles) per pixel. Dark patches of ancient terrain are broken up by swaths of brighter, younger material, and the entire icy surface is peppered by more recent impact craters that have splashed fresh, bright ice across the surface.
这是“新视野”拍摄的木卫三——木星最大卫星的最佳图片，这是飞船的远距勘查成像器（LORRI）于2月27日从350万千米处拍摄的。木卫三的盘面中心是西经38度，每像素折合17千米。黑色古老地形的碎片被更明亮、更新物质分割开，整个冰封的表面不断的被更新的陨石砸出的新鲜、明亮的冰更新着。
With a diameter of 5,268 kilometers (3.273 miles), Ganymede is the largest satellite in the solar system.
以其5268千米的直径，木卫三成为太阳系中最大的卫星。
Focusing on Europa
聚焦“欧罗巴”（木卫二）
This image of Jupiter's icy moon Europa, the first Europa image returned by New Horizons, was taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 07:19 Universal Time on February 27, from a range of 3.1 million kilometers (1.9 million miles). The longitude of the disk center is 307 degrees West and the image scale is 15 kilometers (9 miles) per pixel. This is one of a series of images designed to look for landforms near Europa's terminator - the line dividing day and night - where low Sun angles highlight subtle topographic features.
该图是木星的冰月亮木卫二，“新视野”发回的首张木卫二图片，于2月27日由 LORRI 相机从310万千米处拍摄。盘面中心是西经307度，每像素折合15千米。这是一系列被设计用来观察木卫二晨昏线附近地貌的图片中的一幅，晨昏线是分隔白天和夜晚的界限，那里阳光以低角度突出了精细的地貌。
Europa's fractured icy surface is thought to overlie an ocean about 100 kilometers (60 miles) below the surface, and the New Horizons team will be analyzing these images for clues about the nature of the icy crust and the forces that have deformed it. Europa is about the size of Earth's moon, with a diameter of 3,130 kilometers (1.945 miles).
木卫二的典型冰封表面被认为是躺在100千米冰层下的海洋上，“新视野”的小组将分析这些图片寻找冰盖特性的线索以及使其变形的力量。木卫二与月球差不多大，直径3130千米。
Little Red Spot
小红斑
This is a mosaic of three New Horizons images of Jupiter's Little Red Spot, taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 17:41 Universal Time on February 26 from a range of 3.5 million kilometers (2.1 million miles). The image scale is 17 kilometers (11 miles) per pixel, and the area covered measures 33,000 kilometers (20,000 miles) from top to bottom, two and one-half times the diameter of Earth.
这是木星“小红斑”的拼图，是 LORRI 相机在2月26日从距离350万千米处拍摄的，每像素合17千米，从上到下区域覆盖尺寸33000千米，是地球直径的两倍半。
The Little Red Spot, a smaller cousin of the famous Great Red Spot, formed in the past decade from the merger of three smaller Jovian storms, and is now the second-largest storm on Jupiter. About a year ago its color, formerly white, changed to a reddish shade similar to the Great Red Spot, perhaps because it is now powerful enough to dredge up reddish material from deeper inside Jupiter. These are the most detailed images ever taken of the Little Red Spot since its formation, and will be combined with even sharper images taken by New Horizons 10 hours later to map circulation patterns around and within the storm.
这个“小红斑”是著名的“大红斑”的小表弟，在过去的十年里由三个较小的木星风暴合并而成，现如今是木星上第二大的风暴。大约一年前它的颜色从之前的白色变成同“大红斑”相似略带红色，可能是因为它现在已经足够强大可以将木星深处略带红色的物质挖出来的缘故。这些是“小红斑”形成以来最详细的照片，将与10小时后“新视野”拍摄得更锐利图片结合来绘制风暴周围和内部的环流图案。
LORRI took the images as the Sun was about to set on the Little Red Spot. The LORRI camera was designed to look at Pluto, where sunlight is much fainter than it is at Jupiter, so the images would have been overexposed if LORRI had looked at the storm when it was illuminated by the noonday Sun. The dim evening illumination helped the LORRI camera obtain well-exposed images. The New Horizons team used predictions made by amateur astronomers in 2006, based on their observations of the motion of the Little Red Spot with backyard telescopes, to help them accurately point LORRI at the storm.
LORRI 拍摄的图片是“小红斑”快日落时的照片。LORRI 是设计用来观察冥王星的，那里的阳光比在木星这儿要暗得多，所以如果 LORRI 在“小红斑”处于正午阳光照射下对其观察那就会曝光过度。暗淡的夜光照明有助于 LORRI 相机获得正确曝光的图像。“新视野”的小组用天文爱好者们在2006年中基于自家后院望远镜对“小红斑”移动的观察材料使 LORRI 正确对准了该风暴。
Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute
感谢：NASA/约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室/西南研究协会
03.02.07
This dramatic image of Io was taken by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) on New Horizons at 11:04 Universal Time on February 28, 2007, just about 5 hours after the spacecraft's closest approach to Jupiter. The distance to Io was 2.5 million kilometers (1.5 million miles) and the image is centered at 85 degrees west longitude. At this distance, one LORRI pixel subtends 12 kilometers (7.4 miles) on Io.
2007年2月28日世界时11:04，在“新视野”号达到距木星最近处之后仅5小时，飞船上的远距勘测成像器（LORRI）拍到了木卫一的这幅生动图像。当时距木卫一250万千米，图像中心对准的是西经85度。在此距离上，LORRI 的每像素折合木卫一上12千米。
This processed image provides the best view yet of the enormous 290-kilometer (180-mile) high plume from the volcano Tvashtar, in the 11 o'clock direction near Io's north pole. The plume was first seen by the Hubble Space Telescope two weeks ago and then by New Horizons on February 26; this image is clearer than the February 26 image because Io was closer to the spacecraft, the plume was more backlit by the Sun, and a longer exposure time (75 milliseconds versus 20 milliseconds) was used. Io's dayside was deliberately overexposed in this picture to image the faint plumes, and the long exposure also provided an excellent view of Io's night side, illuminated by Jupiter. The remarkable filamentary structure in the Tvashtar plume is similar to details glimpsed faintly in 1979 Voyager images of a similar plume produced by Io's volcano Pele. However, no previous image by any spacecraft has shown these mysterious structures so clearly.
这张处理过的照片提供了从火山 Tvashtar 喷出的290千米高的羽状物迄今最佳景象，该火山位于11点钟方向靠近木卫一北极。该羽状物在两周前首次被“哈勃”空间望远镜发现，之后就是2月26日“新视野”号的观察；由于木卫一靠的比较近这张图像比2月26日的要清晰，羽状物被后面的阳光照亮，并使用了比较长的曝光时间（75毫秒对20毫秒）。木卫一的向阳面故意的曝光过度以显示出模糊的羽状物，同时长的曝光时间提供了木卫一被木星照亮的夜面极好景象。在 Tvashtar 羽状物中引人注目的纤细结构同1979年“旅行者”曾瞥见的由 Pele 火山制造的较小羽状物的细节很相似。但是先前任何飞船的图像都没有如此清晰地展示出这些神秘的结构。
The image also shows the much smaller symmetrical fountain of the plume, about 60 kilometers (or 40 miles) high, from the Prometheus volcano in the 9 o'clock direction. The top of a third volcanic plume, from the volcano Masubi, erupts high enough to catch the setting Sun on the night side near the bottom of the image, appearing as an irregular bright patch against Io's Jupiter-lit surface. Several Everest-sized mountains are highlighted by the setting Sun along the terminator, the line between day and night.
图片中还显示了小得多的对成羽状喷泉，在9点钟方向从“普罗米修斯”（Prometheus）火山喷出，大约60千米高。第三高的火山尾羽来自图像中靠近底部的 Masubi 火山，喷发的高度足以使其在夜面捕捉到落日的光芒，看上去就像木卫一被木星照亮那一面上的一块不规则补丁。沿着晨昏线有几座珠峰般高的山脉被落日照亮。
This is the last of a handful of LORRI images that New Horizons is sending "home" during its busy close encounter with Jupiter - hundreds of images and other data are being taken and stored onboard. The rest of the images will be returned to Earth over the coming weeks and months as the spacecraft speeds along to Pluto.
这是“新视野”号在其与木星繁忙的交汇期间传回地球的少数 LORRI 图像中的最后一幅——数百张图像和其他采集到的数据都存储在飞船上。这些剩下的图像将在飞船加速飞向冥王星的随后几周到几个月的时间里送回地球。
Best of Ganymede
木卫三的最佳图像
This is New Horizons' best image of Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon, taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 10:01 Universal Time on February 27 from a range of 3.5 million kilometers (2.2 million miles). The longitude of the disk center is 38 degrees West and the image scale is 17 kilometers (11 miles) per pixel. Dark patches of ancient terrain are broken up by swaths of brighter, younger material, and the entire icy surface is peppered by more recent impact craters that have splashed fresh, bright ice across the surface.
这是“新视野”拍摄的木卫三——木星最大卫星的最佳图片，这是飞船的远距勘查成像器（LORRI）于2月27日从350万千米处拍摄的。木卫三的盘面中心是西经38度，每像素折合17千米。黑色古老地形的碎片被更明亮、更新物质分割开，整个冰封的表面不断的被更新的陨石砸出的新鲜、明亮的冰更新着。
With a diameter of 5,268 kilometers (3.273 miles), Ganymede is the largest satellite in the solar system.
以其5268千米的直径，木卫三成为太阳系中最大的卫星。
Focusing on Europa
聚焦“欧罗巴”（木卫二）
This image of Jupiter's icy moon Europa, the first Europa image returned by New Horizons, was taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 07:19 Universal Time on February 27, from a range of 3.1 million kilometers (1.9 million miles). The longitude of the disk center is 307 degrees West and the image scale is 15 kilometers (9 miles) per pixel. This is one of a series of images designed to look for landforms near Europa's terminator - the line dividing day and night - where low Sun angles highlight subtle topographic features.
该图是木星的冰月亮木卫二，“新视野”发回的首张木卫二图片，于2月27日由 LORRI 相机从310万千米处拍摄。盘面中心是西经307度，每像素折合15千米。这是一系列被设计用来观察木卫二晨昏线附近地貌的图片中的一幅，晨昏线是分隔白天和夜晚的界限，那里阳光以低角度突出了精细的地貌。
Europa's fractured icy surface is thought to overlie an ocean about 100 kilometers (60 miles) below the surface, and the New Horizons team will be analyzing these images for clues about the nature of the icy crust and the forces that have deformed it. Europa is about the size of Earth's moon, with a diameter of 3,130 kilometers (1.945 miles).
木卫二的典型冰封表面被认为是躺在100千米冰层下的海洋上，“新视野”的小组将分析这些图片寻找冰盖特性的线索以及使其变形的力量。木卫二与月球差不多大，直径3130千米。
Little Red Spot
小红斑
This is a mosaic of three New Horizons images of Jupiter's Little Red Spot, taken with the spacecraft's Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera at 17:41 Universal Time on February 26 from a range of 3.5 million kilometers (2.1 million miles). The image scale is 17 kilometers (11 miles) per pixel, and the area covered measures 33,000 kilometers (20,000 miles) from top to bottom, two and one-half times the diameter of Earth.
这是木星“小红斑”的拼图，是 LORRI 相机在2月26日从距离350万千米处拍摄的，每像素合17千米，从上到下区域覆盖尺寸33000千米，是地球直径的两倍半。
The Little Red Spot, a smaller cousin of the famous Great Red Spot, formed in the past decade from the merger of three smaller Jovian storms, and is now the second-largest storm on Jupiter. About a year ago its color, formerly white, changed to a reddish shade similar to the Great Red Spot, perhaps because it is now powerful enough to dredge up reddish material from deeper inside Jupiter. These are the most detailed images ever taken of the Little Red Spot since its formation, and will be combined with even sharper images taken by New Horizons 10 hours later to map circulation patterns around and within the storm.
这个“小红斑”是著名的“大红斑”的小表弟，在过去的十年里由三个较小的木星风暴合并而成，现如今是木星上第二大的风暴。大约一年前它的颜色从之前的白色变成同“大红斑”相似略带红色，可能是因为它现在已经足够强大可以将木星深处略带红色的物质挖出来的缘故。这些是“小红斑”形成以来最详细的照片，将与10小时后“新视野”拍摄得更锐利图片结合来绘制风暴周围和内部的环流图案。
LORRI took the images as the Sun was about to set on the Little Red Spot. The LORRI camera was designed to look at Pluto, where sunlight is much fainter than it is at Jupiter, so the images would have been overexposed if LORRI had looked at the storm when it was illuminated by the noonday Sun. The dim evening illumination helped the LORRI camera obtain well-exposed images. The New Horizons team used predictions made by amateur astronomers in 2006, based on their observations of the motion of the Little Red Spot with backyard telescopes, to help them accurately point LORRI at the storm.
LORRI 拍摄的图片是“小红斑”快日落时的照片。LORRI 是设计用来观察冥王星的，那里的阳光比在木星这儿要暗得多，所以如果 LORRI 在“小红斑”处于正午阳光照射下对其观察那就会曝光过度。暗淡的夜光照明有助于 LORRI 相机获得正确曝光的图像。“新视野”的小组用天文爱好者们在2006年中基于自家后院望远镜对“小红斑”移动的观察材料使 LORRI 正确对准了该风暴。
Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute
感谢：NASA/约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室/西南研究协会
