Shaunak's Dimension

Subscribe to RSS feed

Posts tagged with "chemistry"

Oddest places to find Platinum

The other day I happened to chance upon an platinized platinum anode in an electrolytic cell and started pondering about the exotic uses of this $2,032 per ounce metal. Platinum is one heckuva useful metal and find a whole variety of applications. A little thought got me compiling this list.
Oh, by the way, if you are wondering, platinized platinum is basically blackened platinum.



FIVE STRANGEST PLACES TO FIND PLATINUM

1. In your car exhaust.
Platinum honeycomb patterns are fitted at the end of all modern car exhausts. Platinum is and excellent catalyst and can oxidise toxic exhaust fumes like carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide(s) to oxygen and nitrogen.

2. In crucibles.
Platinum and its Rhodium alloys can withstand for high temperatures used for the melting of glass and ceramic glazing.

3. In space shuttles and 'green' cars.
The fuel cells use Platinum as a catalyst. Without the powdered platinum (imagine powdering Platinum!) the cell reaction would be unsustainable.

4. At the photo-shop.
Archival prints are made with platinum based inks. (normal prints are made using silver compounds) As opposed to silver platinum is more inert and hence less likely to oxidise, thus making for longer lasting prints. Plus platinum prints have exhibit better contrast.
Note: Imm speaking of traditional prints not digital ones. Digital archival prints are made using fused toner particles or electrostatic inks. Look in here for more.

5. In furnaces.
Platinum thermocouples, generally called 's type' thermos, are used to monitor the high temperatures of a furnace, because needless to say, mercury would vaporize at those temperatures.




Apart from these five,
* Platinum finds regular uses in the chemistry lab for 'flame tests' and for use in electrolytic cells.
* Plates which are used to repair broken bones are made of a Platinum-Iridium alloy.
* Platinum improves the data storage capacity of hard disks and today, all hard disks contain platinum in their magnetic layers.
* The ^tiny^ electrical contacts INSIDE you processor (or any Integrated Circuit, or 'chip')are made of platinum-palladium.
* Most gas sensors utilize a 'hot-wire' transducer or a 'Pirani Gauge'. Needless to say the "hot-wire" is made of Platinum!
* Platinum is used to catalyse the manufacture of Nylon-66, which inturn is used to make everything from fishing lines, to clothes, to bullet proof vests [Kevlar is a tradename].
* Contacts or jacks in professional audio equipment are made of platinum to reduce the signal to noise ratio.

With that, my knowledge of chemistry exhausts so I will stem the list here and shut up.

Shame to waste such an usefull metal on a ring isnt it? No.....You dont think so?....I thought so! coffee




People everywhere confuse what they read in newspapers with news.
-A. J. Liebling

Found a lightining fast new etching method

,

The two things that bug me about copper circuit board etching are A> the amount of time each board takes B> the stubborn stains Ferric Chloride leaves.
I found this brilliant new method which does away with both problems. up
Seven words: Cupric Chloride in Aq. Hydro Chloric Acid.
The method is very cheap, easy,fast and clean, both "stainlessly" and environmentaly.

Describing the method in brief here:

:: Ingredients ::

> Hydrochloric Acid [12 Molar] (commercial concentration)
This is also sold as "pool acid" and drain "cleaning acid". Its trade name is "Muratic Acid". You can find this at any hardware store. Be VERY carefull with this.
> Water
Keep a bucket-full handy, incase you spill the acid on yourself or on the fruniture, wash with plenty of water.
> Hydrogen peroxide [6%] (reagent concentration)
This is sold at most medical stores. You may find this in 3% concentration only, in that case do not add any water (as described in the next stage)

:: Perpatation ::
Do this in a well lit ventilated place, and keep water handy. Please use rubber gloves and safety glasses.
Pour out 25ml of peroxide in a PLASTICcontainer (Do not use metal)followed by 25 ml of acid, and step away, because the acid will fume a bit. DO NOT inhale the fumes, they cause damage to your respiratory system.
Note: if you are doing this indoors, do not handle more than 25 ml of the acid at a time, if you are donig this outdoors AND have plenty of lab/hemistry experience, you can scale the quantities as required.
After the mixture stops fuming add:
-> 50ml of water, to make a lightning fast etchant. [If you are using 3% peroxide, dont add water here]
-> 75ml to make a soft etchant [3% peroxide users, 25ml water here.]

:: The Main Part ::
Pour out the etchant in a clear plastic tray, preferably kept on a white background [to observe the color of the liquid]
Right now the etchant should be clear. After a little copper dissolves, it will turn emerald green.
The green stuff is a bouns etchant! Its Copper ii Chloride! After the acid-peroxide etchant exhausts itself, the Copper ii Chloride will take over!
Over time the solution will turn muddy brown, here you can either dispose it, and start over or regenerate the copper ii chloride.

:: Regeneration ::
Bubble air throught the solution to regenerate the etchant. This way, the etchant is virtually infinitely reusable.

For reaction rates and more info read this wonderfull post: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~eseychell/PCB/etching_CuCl/index.html by Adam Seychell.






Thats all folks!
==================================================
Quit worrying about your health. It'll go away.