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Posts tagged with "Mythology"

Norse Mythology X ~ Ragnarok

Ragnarok (The word for the Final destiny of the gods) refers to a series of major events, including a great battle foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures in the norse mythology.

Ragnarok is starting with three winters in a row with no summers in between. Troubled times follow, brothers fight each other and the powers of chaos gather to destroy the excisting world order.

The wolves Guilt and Hate catches the sun and the moon and swallow them. The stars disappear and the earth is dissolved in total darkness.

The Giants come, and now the big battle begins:

Odin dies fighting the wolf, causing his wife Frigg her second great sorrow (the first being the death of her son, the blind god Baldr). Odin's son Vidar avenges his father by ripping Fenrir's jaws apart and killing the wolf by stabbing it in the heart.

Loki was bound after Baldr's murder. When Ragnarok began Loki was freed by the trembling of the earth. On the battlefield, he met Heimdall. They fought and though Heimdall slayed Loki, Heimdall died later of the wounds he got.

Tyr fights the giant Garm, and they end up killing each other.

The Midgard Serpent was met in combat by Thor. Thor furiously fought the serpent, defeating it, but was only able to take nine steps afterwards before collapsing because he was poisoned by the serpent. After this, people was fleeing their homes, and the earth sank into the sea, the stars vanished, steam rose, and flames touched the heavens. And so the story of the first Nordic Gods ends.

Now a new world appears. The sun comes back and shines so the corn start to grow again. Those few Gods who survived Ragnarok meet; that is Odin's brother Vile and Thor's sons Vidar and Vale. Those two inherit Mjolnir, the fantastic hammer. Baldr and his brother Hödr is returning from Hel. It is not mentioned anywhere, but I think Frigg and Freja and some of the other godesses survived the Ragnarok as well. They all build a new place, Gimle, where the old Asgaard was placed.

Two human beings have survived Ragnarok by hiding at the feet of the tree of Life, Yggdrasil; their names are Liv and Livtrasser. These two people are the father and mother of a new generation, who will populate the world and worship the Gods of the new world. A new story can begin.

:star:


This is the last post in my mythology series.

I hope you enjoyed the reading. :up:

Norse Mythology IX ~ Bragi & Idunn

Bragi is the God of poetry. He is married to Idunn who is regarded as the Goddess of Spring and eternal youth. Her most important role is to be the Keeper of the Golden Apples. These she carefully protects in a casket which she opens each day allowing each of the Gods to take and eat one. Doing so kept them youthful and beautiful - a result which due to the mixed God-mortal ancestry of many of them, was of paramount importance.

Idunn was once kidnapped by a giant being desirous of her beauty. Thiassi was a storm giant who so wanted to possess Idunn and her fruit. Through trickery he was able to ensnare the master Trickster himself, Loki, into bringing Idunn to him. Despite her captivity Thiassi was never successful in persuading Idunn to give him a taste of her precious apples.

Deprived of the youth-giving apples, the Gods in Asgard began to fade and age. Suspicion fell on Loki and he was forced to attempt her return. Borrowing Freja's falcon suit he flew off to the fastness of the storm giant, and by enchantment turned Idunn into a small nut which he could safely grasp in his strong talons. Loki returned Idunn to Asgard with the enraged Thiassi in the guise of an eagle in fierce pursuit. Thiassi reached Asgard only to be slain by the weakened but indignant Gods, who in remembrance placed his glowing eyes in heaven as stars. Idunn was restored to her natural form, her casket of magical apples intact, and all in Asgard once again could remain youthful and fair.

Norse Mythology VIII ~ The Midgard Serpent

Jörmungandr (the Midgard Serpent) is a sea serpent of the Norse mythology, he is the middle child of the giantess Angrboða and the god Loki.

Odin tossed Jörmungandr into the great ocean that encircles Midgard. The serpent grew so big that he was able to surround the Earth and grasp his own tail, and as a result he earned the alternate name of the Midgard Serpent or World Serpent. Jörmungandr's arch enemy is the god Thor.

There are three preserved myths detailing Thor's encounters with the Midgard Serpent.

I have already described one of them in my post about Thor. It is the one where Thor encounters the serpent, who is disguised as a colossal cat by the giant king Útgarða-Loki. As one of the tasks set by Útgarða-Loki, Thor must lift the cat; though he is unable to lift such a monstrous creature as Jörmungandr, he manages to lift it far enough that it lets go of the ground with one of its four feet.

Another encounter came when Thor went fishing with the giant Hymir. When Hymir refused to provide Thor with bait, Thor struck the head off Hymir's largest ox to use as such. They rowed to a point where Hymir often sat and caught flat fish, where he drew up 100 whales and lions. Thor demanded to go farther into the water, and did so despite Hymir's warnings.

Thor then prepared a strong line and a large hook, which Jörmungandr bit. Thor pulled the serpent from the water, whereupon the two faced one another, The Midgard Serpent dribbling poison and blood. Hymir went pale with fear, and as Thor grabbed his hammer to kill the serpent, the giant cut the line, leaving the serpent to sink beneath the waves. :irked:

The last meeting between the serpent and Thor is predicted to occur at Ragnarok, when Jörmungandr will come out of the ocean and poison the sky. Thor will kill Jörmungandr and then walk nine paces before falling dead, having been intoxicated by the serpent's poison.

Norse Mythology VII ~ Tyr

Tyr is the god of single combat and heroic glory. Some believe he was son of Odin, others that he was son of the Giant Hymer.

Tyr is one handed, because at one stage the gods decided to shackle the wolf Fenris (Fenrir), but the beast broke every chain they put upon him. Eventually the gods had the dwarves make them a magical ribbon called Gleipnir from the noise a cat makes when it moves, the sinews of a bear, the breath of a fish, the spittle of a bird, the beard of a woman, and the roots of a mountain. The gods took those items from the world and that is why they do not exist today.

Odin told Fenrir that they were going to play a game, and Fenrir should let the gods chain him up as part of the game. The wolf was suspicious, and wouldn't let himself be chained up until Tyr offered to guarantee the deal by putting his own hand in the wolf's mouth as a sort of hostage.

After Fenrir had been bound, he struggled to try and break the chain. When the gods saw that Fenrir was bound they all laughed, except Tyr, who had his right hand bitten off by the wolf. Fenrir will remain bound until the day of Ragnarok. As a result of this deed, Tyr is called the "Leavings of the Wolf".

Norse Mythology VI ~ Frigg

Frigg is the wife of Odin, and is the "foremost among the goddesses". She is described as having the power of prophecy yet she does not reveal what she knows. Frigg is the only one other than Odin who is permitted to sit on his high seat Hlidskjalf and look out over the universe.

Frigg's children are Baldr and Höðr, her stepchildren are Thor, Hermóðr, Heimdall, Tyr, Vidar, Váli, and Skjoldr. Frigg's companion is Eir, a goddess associated with medical skills.

Let me tell you how her son Baldr died. Baldr was a very well liked god. At some point he has had a series of ominous dreams. Frigg therefore takes an oath from all things, which includes disease, poisons, the elements, objects and all living beings that none will harm Baldr.

After the oaths were taken, the Æsir, aware of Baldr's newly gained invincibility, had Baldr stand to prove that he was now invincible. The Æsir hit Baldr with blows, shot objects at him, and some would hit him with stones. Nothing harmed him.

Loki witnessed this and was angered by Baldr's invulnerability. He changed himself into a woman and visited Frigg. The woman told Frigg that the Æsir were shooting at Baldr and yet he remained unharmed. Frigg responded that nothing could harm Baldr, as she had taken oaths from all things.

The woman asked Frigg if all things had indeed promised not to hurt Baldr, to which Frigg reveals that:
"A shoot of wood grows west of Valhalla. It is called mistletoe, and it seemed too young for me to demand its oath."

Immediately after Frigg revealed this, the woman vanished. Loki then took hold of the mistletoe, broke it off and went to where Baldr stood.

There Baldr's blind brother Höðr stood at the edge of the circle of people. Loki offered to help Höðr in honoring Baldr by shooting things at him. Höðr took the mistletoe from Loki and, following Loki's directions, shot at Baldr. The mistletoe went directly through Baldr and he fell to the ground. Baldr was dead.

The gods were speechless and devastated. After the gods gathered their wits from the immense shock and grief of Baldr's death, Frigg asked the Æsir who amongst them wished "to gain all of her love and favor" by riding the road to Hel. Whomever agreed was to offer Hel a ransom in exchange for Baldr's return to Asgard. Hermóðr agrees to this and set off with Sleipnir to Hel.

Hermóðr arrives and meets with Hel and pleads for the return of Baldr on behalf of Frigg. Hel gives the condition that all things must weep for Baldr if Baldr will be returned to Asgard.

The Æsir then sent forth messengers to all things to have them weep for Baldr, so that he may return from Hel. All things did except a giantess by the name of Þökk, and people believe that the giantess was Loki. So Baldr remained dead and stayed in Hel.


Connection between Frigg and Freja

Frigg is the highest goddess of the Æsir, while Freja is the highest goddess of the Vanir. Many arguments have been made both for and against the idea that Frigg and Freja are really the same goddess. There are clearly many similarities between the two: both had flying cloaks of falcon feathers and engaged in shape-shifting, Frigg was married to Odin while Freja was married to Odur (or Od), both had special necklaces, both had a personification of the Earth as a parent and both were called upon for assistance in childbirth.

Norse Mythology V ~ Loki

Many people think that Loki was a God in Norse mythology, but he was really not. He was a giant, well respected among the Gods, because he was Odin's bloodbrother.

Loki was the father (and, in more than one instance, the mother) of many beasts, humans and monsters.

Relationships with giantesses is nothing unusual for gods in Norse mythology; Odin, Thor, Njörðr, Freyr are good examples; and since Loki was a giant himself, there is nothing unusual about this activity. Together with Angrboda, he had three children:
  • Fenrir the giant wolf preordained to slay Odin at the time of Ragnarok
  • Jörmungandr, the great sea serpent
  • Hel, ruler of the realm of the dead

Loki also married a goddess named Sigyn who bore him two sons: Narfi and Vali. (This Vali is not to be confused with Odin's son with the giantess Rind). Once Odin wanted to punish Loki, he turned Vali into a rabid wolf who proceeded to tear Narfi's throat out. Narfi's entrails were used to chain Loki to a large rock until Ragnarok.

While he was in the form of a mare Loki mated with a stallion. That's actually a quite interesting story:

A giant came to offer to build a citidel for the gods in three seasons. He demanded to marry Freja, and also to get the sun and the moon as his rewards. Following Loki's bad advice, the gods accepted the deal, but they later urged Loki to deceive the giant in order to protect Freja. Loki turned into a mare and seduced Svadilfari, the huge steed of the giant. Without his horse, the giant could not complete his job. He was enraged, insulted the gods, and eventually got slain by Thor before the deal was completed. Loki's prank ultimately backfired on him, and he bore the son of the horse Svadilfari, Sleipnir, the eight-legged steed of Odin.

Loki is an adept shape-shifter, with the ability to change both form and sex. But he has to borrow Freja's cloak whenever he wants to change into bird form.

In the stories Loki mainly plays the role of a villain: a coward, liar, cheater, thief, and as a murderer.

Norse Mythology IV ~ Freja

Freja and Frigg (Odin's wife) are the two principal goddesses in Norse religion. Freja is portrayed as a goddess of :heart: love :heart:, beauty, and fertility. She is blonde, blue-eyed and beautiful, and is described as the fairest of all goddesses, and people prayed to her for happiness in love. She was also associated with war, battle, death, magic, prophecy, and wealth.

Freja is the daughter of the sea god Njord and sister of Freyr.

Both Odin and Freja took an interest in the heroic dead, dividing the slain between them at the end of every battle. Odin's share went to live in Valhalla, while Freja's lived in her hall, Sessrumnir. Odin's warriors were "the offensive", or those who dedicate their life to fighting. Freyja’s warriors were "the defensive", or those who only fought to protect their families, clans or goods.

Freja rides on a chariot drawn by a pair of large cats. These cats are called Gib-cats and they are often thought to be Norwegian forest cats. Cats are sacred to Freja, just as wolves are to Odin. Freja flies over the earth, sprinkling morning dew and summer sunlight behind her. She shakes spring flowers from her golden hair and weeps tears which turns to gold or to amber at sea.

It is possible that Freja's lost husband Odur, or Od, of whom nothing is known but his name, was in fact Odin. For she was the goddess of lust as well as love, a suitable partner for Odin who was the father of battles.

She was said to be a sorceress who could fly in a falcon's skin and some traditions state that on her arrival in Asgard she taught the gods the spells and charms of the Vanir (the group of Gods and Goddesses that is older than those of the Aesir).

Freja's greatest treasure was the Brisings' necklace. The Brisingamen necklace was crafted by four dwarfs with such artistry that it glittered like a constellation of stars in the night sky. Around Freja's lovely neck it became an emblem of the fruits of the heavens and earth. She in her turn, produced treasures for the earth whenever she cried and Freja wept profusely, especially during her search for her lost husband, Odur. It is said that she obtained the necklace by sleeping with the 4 dwarfs.

The brisingamen necklace was stolen once. Freja enlisted the help of Heimdall to help her search for it. Eventually they found the thief, who turned out to be Loki who had transformed himself into a seal. Heimdall turned into a seal as well and fought Loki. After a lengthy battle at Singasteinn, Heimdall won and returned Brísingamen to Freja. The rivalry of Loki and Heimdallr for Brísingamen is a very important event, as they are destined to fight again and slay each other at the end of Ragnarok.



Norse Mythology III ~ Thor

Thor is a very powerful God. He is the son of Odin and the giantess Jörd (the Earth). He is married to Sif. With his mistress, the giantess Járnsaxa, Thor has a son Magni and with Sif he has his daughter Thrud. There is nothing in the myths that states the identity of the mother of his son Modi.

Thor owns a short-handled hammer, Mjolnir, which, when thrown at a target, returns magically to him. Mjolnir also has the power to throw lightning bolts - making Thor the God of Thunder. Many people think that Thor was the God of War, but he wasn't. Odin and Tyr was the War Gods of Norse Mythology.

He travels in a chariot drawn by the goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr and with his servant and messenger Þjálfi and with Þjálfi's sister Röskva. When Thor is hungry he can roast the goats for a meal. When he wants to continue his travels, he only needs to touch the remains of the goats and they will be instantly restored to full health to resume their duties, assuming that the bones have not been broken.

A funny story about Thor was the time when Þrymr, King of the Giants, stole his hammer. Thor went to Loki (more about Loki in a post to come) in hopes to find the culprit responsible for the theft. Loki and Thor went to Freja (there'll also be a post about her later) for council. She gave Loki a feather-robe so he could travel to the land of the giants to speak to their king. The king admitted to stealing the hammer and would not give it back unless Freja gave her hand in marriage.

Freja refused when she heard the plan so the gods decided to think of a way to trick the King. Heimdall (maybe a post for him also - not sure yet) suggested dressing up Thor in a bridal gown and let him take Freja's place. Thor at first refused to do such a thing as it would portray him as a coward and womanish, but Loki insisted that he do so or the Giants would attack Asgard and win it over if he were not to retrieve the hammer in time. Thor reluctantly agreed in the end and dressed up to take Freja's place.

Odin rode Thor to the land of the Giants and a celebration ensued. The king noticed a few odd things that his bride was committing. He noted that she ate and drank more than what he would expect from a bride. Loki, who was in disguise as the false Freja's servant, commented that she rode for 8 full nights without food eager to take his hand. He then asked why his bride's eyes are so terrifying, they seemed to be aglow with fire, again Loki responded with a lie that she did not sleep for 8 full nights eager for his hand. Then the giant commanded that the hammer be brought to his wife and placed on her lap as a token of his love. Once it was in Thor's possession he threw off his disguise and attacked all the giants in the room.


Another story is about when Thor was outwitted by a giant king, Útgarða-Loki. The king, using his magic, tricked Thor. The king raced Thought itself against Thor's fast servant, Þjálfi (nothing being faster than thought, which can leap from land to land, and from time to time, in an instant). Then, Loki was challenged by Útgarða-Loki to an eating contest with one of his servants, Logi. Loki lost, eventually. The servant even ate up the trough containing the food. The servant was an illusion of "Wild-Fire", no living thing being able to equal the consumption rate of fire. Then the king called Thor weak when he only lifted the paw of a cat, the cat being the illusion of the Midgard Serpent (Maybe I'll write a post about that one as well, since it plays a great role in these stories). Thor was challenged to a drinking contest, and could not empty a horn which was filled not with mead but was connected to the ocean. This action started tidal changes. And here, Thor wrestled an old woman, Útgarða-Loki's mom, who was Old Age, something no one could beat, to one knee. Thor left humiliated, but was heartened later when he met a messager who told him that he had in fact performed great feats worthy of a powerful god for doing as well as he did with those challenges.

Norse Mythology II ~ Odin

Odin is considered the chief god of Valhalla. Valhalla is the hall of the fallen where Odin received the souls of the warriors killed in battle. The souls of women warriors, and those strong and beautiful women whom Odin favored, became Valkyries, who gather the souls of brave warriors fallen in battle, as these would be needed to fight for him in the battle of Ragnarok (The End of the World).

Odin has a number of magical artifacts associated with him: the spear Gungnir, which never misses its target; a magical gold ring Draupnir, from which every ninth night eight new rings appear; and two ravens Hugin and Munin (Thought and Memory), who fly around Earth daily and report the happenings of the world to Odin in Valhalla at night. He also owned Sleipnir, an octopedal horse, who was given to him by Loki (more about him in a future post), and the severed head of Mímir, which foretold the future. He also commands a pair of wolves named Geri and Freki, to whom he gives his food in Valhalla since he consumes nothing but mead or wine. From his throne, Hlidskjalf (located in Valaskjalf), Odin could see everything that occurred in the universe.

Quite a powerful God, huh?

Odin has fathered numerous children. With his wife, Frigg, he fathered his doomed son Balder and fathered the blind god Høder. By the personification of earth, Fjörgyn, Odin was the father of his most famous son, Thor (yes, there will be a post about him as well... :smile: ). By the giantess Gríðr, Odin was the father of Vídar, and by Rinda he was father of Váli.

Odin is one-eyed, and this is how he lost his one eye:

One day his two brothers was lost. He looked everywhere, but he couldn't find them. He got angry and took his horse Sleipner and rode to Mimer. As mentioned earlier, Mimer was just a severed head but was still a good friend and adviser to the Gods. Mimer guarded over Mimer's well, the source to all wisdom in the world. Mimer was very vise because he drank from the fountain every morning. When Odin came to Mimer he said:
- You have to give me some of the water from the well so i can find out where my brothers are.
Mimer said:
- No! What would you think would happen if I gave water from this well to everyone that wanted to drink from the source of wisdom? Then everyone would know what was going to happen and i don't think we would want that.
Odin was devestated and didn't know what to do. He mumbled to himself that he would do anything for just a sip from the well, even sacrifise his own eye.
- Deal! said Mimer.
Odin got pale of terror, he had just mumbled to himself. But he took his eye out and dropped it into the well, and ever since that time the eye have been lying there, looking out into the world. From that day Odin could see both back and forward in time, and he knew eveything that was worth knowing.

Norse Mythology I - The Beginning

As in other religions, the Nordic Mythology has a beginning. In the beginning was only Ginnungagab, the abyss between Niflheim, the ice cold area in the north, and Muspelheim, the blaze in the south. From Hvergelmer begins twelve ice cold rivers to pour into Ginnungagab, where they meet with flames and lava from Muspelheim. This meeting between warm and cold makes a white frost. The hot air from Muspelheim makes the frost melt, and the giant Ymer is created from the drops.

Ymer falls asleep and while he is sleeping his foot bred a son and a man and a woman emerged from his armpits. These three persons are the mother and fathers of all giants and trolls.

The frost keeps melting, and the cow Audhumble is created from the drops.

Ymer drinks the milk from the cow while it licks a salt stone. On the first day after this a man's hair appeared on the stone, on the second day a head and on the third day an entire man emerged from the stone.
His name was Bure and with an unknown giantess he fathered Bor, the father of the three gods Odin, Vile and Ve. These three are the first Ases and Gods. (More about them in a later post - remember, this is only about the very beginning).

When the gods felt strong enough they killed Ymer. His blood flooded the world and drowned all of the giants, except two. But giants grew again in numbers and soon there were as many as before Ymer's death. Then the gods created seven more worlds using Ymer's flesh for dirt, his blood for the Oceans, rivers and lakes, his bones for stone, scraps of his brain as the clouds, his skull for the heaven. Sparks from Muspelheim flew up and became stars.

The Gods raised Ymer's skull so it created a firmament. In each corner they put a dwarf to guard, East, West, North and South.

The black giant woman Nat (=Night) drives over the firmament every night in her cart drawn by the black horse Rimfaxe. Nat has the son Dag (=Day) with the God Delling. Dag gets a cart from his mother, and the horse Skinfaxe by Odin. Skinfaxe's mane lightens up the whole world when Dag runs over the sky.