The "ordinary" Racist violence agians minorities in Europe affects nationals and immigrants
without distinction particularly those of African origin. Attacks on people of sub-Saharan African origin in Europe are both frequent and poorly documented a particular blind spot in both official statistics on hate crimes and in monitoring and reporting by nongovernmental organizations ,The drum beat of racist violence is often heard only by those most immediately under threat. The high-profile attacks on places of worship,community centers, schools, and other venues that become the subject of newspaper headlines are the exception. So, too, is the organized violence of skinheads, neo-Nazis, and other extremist political groups, which often deliberately aim to publicize their actions with slogans and public claims of responsibility. But the day-to-day rhythm of racist and bias violence is no less dramatic in kind for the individuals and communities living in fear and sometimes all the more threatening precisely because the perpetrators are indistinguishable from the ordinary " mainstream " populace.