Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a
Wednesday, 11. November 2009, 07:55:53
Abstract
Human Y-chromosome haplogroup structure is largely circumscribed by continental boundaries. One notable exception to this general pattern is the young haplogroup R1a that exhibits post-Glacial coalescent times and relates the paternal ancestry of more than 10% of men in a wide geographic area extending from South Asia to Central East Europe and South Siberia. Its origin and dispersal patterns are poorly understood as no marker has yet been described that would distinguish European R1a chromosomes from Asian. Here we present frequency and haplotype diversity estimates for more than 2000 R1a chromosomes assessed for several newly discovered SNP markers that introduce the onset of informative R1a subdivisions by geography. Marker M434 has a low frequency and a late origin in West Asia bearing witness to recent gene flow over the Arabian Sea.
Conversely, marker M458 has a significant frequency in Europe, exceeding 30% in its core area in Eastern Europe and comprising up to 70% of all M17 chromosomes present there. The diversity and frequency profiles of M458 suggest its origin during the early Holocene and a subsequent expansion likely related to a number of prehistoric cultural developments in the region. Its primary frequency and diversity distribution correlates well with some of the major Central and East European river basins where settled farming was established before its spread further eastward. Importantly, the virtual absence of M458 chromosomes outside Europe speaks against substantial patrilineal gene flow from East Europe to Asia, including to India, at least since the mid-Holocene.
Keywords: Y chromosome, haplogroup R1a, human evolution, population genetics
Gejcite...
Greece=M458A=7.800 g.
Creete=M458A=11.200 g...kako?...helihopteri?
Oman=M458A=12.500 g.
India West=M458A=15.800 g.
ovaa M458A se seuste nedefiniranite,"stari dobri slavsi"......plus onie od M458G=R1a1a=M17
Greece=M458G=600 g.
ovaa M458G=R1a1a7* e taa kaj nas 3.8%, a mnogu vo Polska......
Crete=M458G=6.600-2.500 g.
Croatia=M458G=5.300 g.....?????????
Znaci,da go e.am,ovie "slavsi" prvo ziveele na Krit,pa dosle vo gejlada....
Oman=M458G=7.900 g
TD time estimates (in ky) calculated for N>5, according to the method described in Zhivotovsky et al. 2004 assuming mutation rate (6.9 x 10 -4 per 25 years)assuming a founder at the median haplotype estimated for each individual population .
http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejhg2009194a.html
R1a1a7 (defined by M458) was announced in Underhill et al. (2009) ands is the most largest sub-clade found so far. It is found almost entirely in Europe, with its highest frequencies in Central and Southern Poland.
Finally, the "Slavs" were buried.
continue.....
Human Y-chromosome haplogroup structure is largely circumscribed by continental boundaries. One notable exception to this general pattern is the young haplogroup R1a that exhibits post-Glacial coalescent times and relates the paternal ancestry of more than 10% of men in a wide geographic area extending from South Asia to Central East Europe and South Siberia. Its origin and dispersal patterns are poorly understood as no marker has yet been described that would distinguish European R1a chromosomes from Asian. Here we present frequency and haplotype diversity estimates for more than 2000 R1a chromosomes assessed for several newly discovered SNP markers that introduce the onset of informative R1a subdivisions by geography. Marker M434 has a low frequency and a late origin in West Asia bearing witness to recent gene flow over the Arabian Sea.
Conversely, marker M458 has a significant frequency in Europe, exceeding 30% in its core area in Eastern Europe and comprising up to 70% of all M17 chromosomes present there. The diversity and frequency profiles of M458 suggest its origin during the early Holocene and a subsequent expansion likely related to a number of prehistoric cultural developments in the region. Its primary frequency and diversity distribution correlates well with some of the major Central and East European river basins where settled farming was established before its spread further eastward. Importantly, the virtual absence of M458 chromosomes outside Europe speaks against substantial patrilineal gene flow from East Europe to Asia, including to India, at least since the mid-Holocene.
Keywords: Y chromosome, haplogroup R1a, human evolution, population genetics
Gejcite...
Greece=M458A=7.800 g.
Creete=M458A=11.200 g...kako?...helihopteri?
Oman=M458A=12.500 g.
India West=M458A=15.800 g.
ovaa M458A se seuste nedefiniranite,"stari dobri slavsi"......plus onie od M458G=R1a1a=M17
Greece=M458G=600 g.
ovaa M458G=R1a1a7* e taa kaj nas 3.8%, a mnogu vo Polska......
Crete=M458G=6.600-2.500 g.
Croatia=M458G=5.300 g.....?????????
Znaci,da go e.am,ovie "slavsi" prvo ziveele na Krit,pa dosle vo gejlada....
Oman=M458G=7.900 g
TD time estimates (in ky) calculated for N>5, according to the method described in Zhivotovsky et al. 2004 assuming mutation rate (6.9 x 10 -4 per 25 years)assuming a founder at the median haplotype estimated for each individual population .
http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejhg2009194a.html
R1a1a7 (defined by M458) was announced in Underhill et al. (2009) ands is the most largest sub-clade found so far. It is found almost entirely in Europe, with its highest frequencies in Central and Southern Poland.
Finally, the "Slavs" were buried.
continue.....
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