Wednesday, 28. February 2007, 03:50:24
Civil Law, FamR, 民法, 私法
...
现在单位里大部分都是未婚大龄青年，今天老板发了个群发邮件，明确了有关婚假的请假办法。
◆ 按法定结婚年龄(女20周岁，男22周岁)结婚的，可享受3天婚假。
◆ 符合晚婚年龄(女23周岁，男25周岁)的，可享受晚婚假15天(含3天法定婚假)。
◆ 只有在本公司结婚的员工，才能在本公司工作期间享受婚假。
◆ 申请婚假者，需出示结婚证明。
◆ 婚假可以在三年内休完。但员工如果在此期间离开本公司，本公司不给予经济补充。
◆ 再婚的可享受法定婚假，不能享受晚婚假。
我们老板还算仁慈，晚婚假一般多给7天，他居然给了我们12天。当然也有同事觉得应该多多益善，问老板是否可以分开休婚假，15天婚假是否指15个工作日。有趣的问题。
1．婚假应该一次性休完，不能分开休。
上海有个计生条例实施细则这样规定：http://www.chinacourt.org/flwk/show1.php?file_id=51700&str1=%BB%E9%BC%D9
第二十二条 符合晚婚年龄的初婚夫妻，增加婚假一周；双方达到双方享受，一方达到一方享受。晚婚假应当在婚假后连续使用。
2．婚假是否包含公休日和法定节假日，可由单位自己规定。
我查到的资料大部分认为是包括双休日的，北京有个针对公务员的请假办法里规定：病假、生育假、路程假、探亲假、工伤假均包括公休假日和法定假日在内；婚假、丧假、事假均不包括公休假日和法定假日在内。
似乎大部分的国家机关和事业单位，都依照这个说法。我刚才打电话12333咨询过了，上海当地的计生委有个解释口径，婚假包括双休日，不包括法定假日。
Tuesday, 24. October 2006, 07:39:55
Freunde, 家庭亲属法, FamR, Friend
这是《垃圾律师》最后的一滴残留记忆，前面2滴分别是比较学术的 订婚婚约官司篇和比较乱侃的正当防卫篇。而这篇“假面的告白”，说的是垃圾律师怎么为一个青年洗脱地铁里性骚扰妇女的罪名指控。最后是通过《假面的告白》而彻底洗脱罪名的，当然你得熟悉日本文学，至少知道《假面的告白》是一本什么书。
我除了看日剧而学会那点点日语单词外，对于日本文学仅限于看过一点点江户川乱步的推理小说。所以，我去搜索了一下三岛由纪夫的《假面的告白》。读读这些背景资料介绍，看看电视剧里主人公为清白而付出的昂贵的代价（离婚又离职），想想自己身边的人和事，一滴清泪，倏然而下。
最近在为一个师妹张罗假结婚的事情，实在是时间太紧张了，要求11月底前要一切妥当。虽然，其实我也认为她的决定有点草率，但听着她的故事，她的感受，我还是决定尽力想法帮她成全她的想法，保住她的孩子。虽然我也理解这个孩子的父亲的不肯负担责任的想法，但是实在不能认同他这个想法，种下了自己的因果能早还就早还吧。老天保佑我赶快帮她找到这样一个男人吧，这世界上需要假面的告白的人和事真的越来越多了。
Friday, 20. October 2006, 03:12:09
家庭亲属法, FamR, Civil Law, 民法
...
今天转贴了2个有关姓名称谓方面的佚名文章《中国古代的姓、氏、名、字、号》和《中国古代称谓》，想起自己以前也评论过一个姓名权方面的有趣案例。从网络里把这篇旧文找回来，又找回一篇旧文，真不错。这篇文章原发于2004年12月9日我的第一个博客上面的。
结合今天读到的介绍中国姓氏渊源的文章，再回过头来看自己的这篇旧文。行政法上的论述由于自己的行政法基础一向薄弱而显得单薄。从民法角度根据亲等关系来细分不同的姓氏的论述，居然和《中国古代的姓氏名字号》这篇短文部分对应。特别是该文其中姓的功能在于“别婚姻”，“明世系”、“别种族”的说法，差不多就是我的文章里对于3种姓氏的古文解说了。希望以后能搜集更多点的材料，有个比较全面清晰的梳理。
Read more...
Friday, 20. October 2006, 02:58:31
FamR, 家庭亲属法, 民法, ZivilR
另一篇佚名的介绍中国古代称谓的简明文章。
Read more...
Friday, 20. October 2006, 02:55:17
FamR, 家庭亲属法, 民法, ZivilR
无意中看到一篇佚名的文章，简明的介绍中国姓氏的。转贴过来作为资料。
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Saturday, 7. October 2006, 04:31:07
家庭亲属法, 民法, ZivilR, FamR
昨天把《垃圾律师》（Bengoshi no Kuzu）全看完了，一本虽算不上十分好看，但部分剧集还是非常吸引我的日剧。男主人公是"正义感为零,判决结果的胜利就是一切"的流氓律师九头元人（丰川悦司）,以他卓越的洞察力把案件引向胜诉的道路,与九头同一个事务所的新人武田真实（伊藤英明）与他正相反,是充满正义感的热血男儿。丰川和伊藤的扮相和角色定位一如常见的日剧，离经叛道的男主人公必然猥琐好色，而热血男儿的男主必然傻忽忽。
其中，有一集讲的是订立了婚约的男女因为解除婚约，而引发的损害赔偿诉讼。我也是第一次管窥这样的诉讼，虽然其实以前自己也写过一篇这样的小论文。毕竟，我国因为不承认婚约的法律地位，所以这样的诉讼基本上极为罕见。
把自己的这篇小论文及有关参考资料贴出来，记得这是2004年6月20日自己还在德国刚刚开始玩 BLOG 的时候写的第一篇比较逻辑的blawg吧。晚上还要去参加大学同学的婚礼，象我这样“被离婚伤害的人”而从不准备结婚的男人，每次只有送钱的份从来没有收钱的命，实在很不划算啊
。要不是借此机会还可以老同学见见面，谁去见这些闹烘烘的场面啊。
文章及参考资料下载
《订婚（婚约）状态的法律性质及其法律后果的探讨》
《婚约问题探析》作者邱玉梅
《婚约解除后赠与物归属问题研究》作者马强
《论婚约的法律规制》作者王建文
[摘要] 订婚（婚约）问题虽然不是被我国婚姻法所承认的法定必经程序，但是在社会生活中却是普遍存在的习惯程序。在日常社会生活中，出自于订婚（婚约）状态的最常见的法律问题就是彩礼或者其他定亲物品是否可以返还及其法律依据的问题。而随着我国市场经济体制的日益完善，基于订婚（婚约）状态所产生的种种社会关系及其纠纷将不再会仅仅局限在财物返还纠纷，而必定会越来越错综复杂。本文尝试从法学理论到司法实践操作层面，全方位地探讨订婚（婚约）问题的法律性质及其可能的法律后果。
[关键词] 婚约、婚约法律性质、婚约法律后果、不当得利、损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿
[目录]
订婚（婚约）状态的法律性质及其法律后果的探讨
一、订婚（婚约）的概念和中外历史沿革简述及评价
二、订婚（婚约）的法律性质探析
三、基于订婚（婚约）而产生的法律后果
四、订婚（婚约）解除的法律效果
五、结论
[正文摘录]
订婚（婚约）问题虽然不是被我国婚姻法所承认的法定必经程序，但是在社会生活中，作为婚姻的前置阶段，却是普遍存在的习惯程序。在像我国这样一个封建主义残余浓重的国家，立法者在我国婚姻法中不赋予订婚（婚约）以法定地位的立法体例，对于肯定婚姻自由，打击买卖婚姻和其他干涉婚姻自由的习俗无疑具有积极肯定的价值。
然而，尽管历次婚姻法律的修订和补充一再对订婚（婚约）问题持既不积极肯定也不绝对否定的态度，但在现实生活中，订婚（婚约）却往往是缔结婚姻关系之前的习惯必经程序，特别是在广大农村地区，未订立婚约而结婚者往往会被认为违反习俗而遭非议。如果以比较客观的角度来审视，就会发现订婚（婚约）问题其实也并非就是买卖婚姻的必然产物这么简单。从爱情到婚姻的一般发展阶段来看，从当事人双方正式确定恋爱关系，到明确确定婚约、准备结婚，说明订婚（婚约）也是爱情生活走向婚姻生活的必然阶段。就其形式而言，虽然未必每一对恋人都会举行正式的订婚典礼向外界宣示。但在正式结婚登记之前，男女双方一般都会以某种方式承诺彼此缔结婚约。而在现代商业社会，这种彼此承诺的方式，往往通过彼此或者由双方的长辈赠与一定价值的彩礼或者表记来实现。在确定婚约关系之后，订婚双方必然还要为未来的共同婚姻生活准备一定的费用、采取某些经济措施。而无论这些习俗上的彩礼表记还是为谋划未来共同的婚姻生活所必要的费用和措施，却都因为我国婚姻法对订婚（婚约）问题采取消极的态度，从而在法学理论层面没有得到足够的重视和研究，同时在司法实践操作层面也缺乏必要明确的规定和调整。所以，有学者对此评价为“它使我国婚姻家庭立法出现了空白”、“使我国婚姻法的价值作用未能充分发挥”、“导致审判活动中认识上的偏差和适用法律上的随意性” 。
Tuesday, 19. September 2006, 16:13:02
BuergR, Civil Law, FamR, 家庭亲属法
...
我一直没有期望这里会有什么回应的访客，因为我的blog基本上都没什么看点，与其说是发布于众，不如说更象是自己的资料库。所以，当kerby2008批评我怎么工作休息都思考类似的东西，累不累的时候，我简单地一笑了之。前一段时间，刚在OPERA里安了家，所以基本上还是在使用的磨合阶段，经常这里那里小修小补什么的。最近，一直在考虑怎么添加访客计数器，七凑八拼地勉强搞出来了。等我昨晚陪着老板通宵奋站了一夜，今天回来想起写点什么，看见访客的数量居然不是个位数。也算是个奇迹。
刚发布一个有关流氓网站的帖子不久，又居然就看到了留言，又是一个奇迹。有人留言问我APOSTILLE的具体操作方面的东西，更让我觉得惊奇，因为那个帖子的内容实在算是冷门的可以。回复了那个询问贴，想起自己前一段时间，还写过一篇也和出国公证有关的POST。虽然，原来的BLOG网站已不存在了，但在WWW的犄角旮旯里也许还能找到点残言片语。
结果再次惊奇地发现，我的这篇旧文居然被人家放到大学的BBS里的出国专栏里。虽然显然这是侵犯我的著作权行为，但是我挺开心被他侵一下的，否则还真找不到呢。可惜的是，我的blog一般都尽量提供相关资料的网络连接，而被转贴的这篇文章，却只剩下纯文本格式了。以下是这篇旧文的全文。
关于户口簿的翻译（Family Register, Household Register, Familienbuch）
2006年5月15日13:57星期一 [亲属法和继承法]
今天帮小五做翻译的时候，顺手整理的一些资料。
今天帮小五做翻译的时候，顺手整理的一些资料。
1. 户口簿的标准英译：（该翻译出自wiki）
A family register (also known as any of several variations, such as
household register, stammbuch, koseki etc.) is a registry used in many
countries to track information of a genealogical or legal interest.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_register
Hukou
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A hùkǒu (Chinese: 户口) or hùjí (Chinese: 戶籍) refers to
residency permits (household registration) issued in mainland China
(by the People's Republic of China and Taiwan (by the Republic of
China). A household registration record officially identifies a person
as a resident of an area and includes identifying information such the
name of the person, his date of birth, the names of his parents, and
name of his spouse, if married. A hukou can also refer to a family
register in many contexts since the household registration record (戶籍
謄本, hùjíténgběn) is issued per family, and usually maintains
includes the births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and moves, of all
members in the family. A similar household registration system exists
within the public administration structures of Japan (koseki), Vietnam
(ho khau) and both North and South Korea (Hojok). In South Korea the
(Hojok) system was repealed in 2005
Contents
1 Residency permits in mainland China
2 Household registration in Taiwan
3 See also
4 External links
[edit]
Residency permits in mainland China
Although a valid residency permit technically requires an individual
to live in the area designated on his/her permit, in practice the system
has largely broken down, and there are an estimated 150 to 200
million Chinese who are living outside their officially-registered
areas. Persons without a residency permit have much less access to
education and government services, and in several respects occupy a
social and economic status similar to undocumented aliens in some
other countries, such as the United States.
Under the command economy in the PRC before the 1980s, a residency
permit was required for any employment and to receive food and other
essential consumer products. After Chinese market reforms, it became
possible for some to unofficially migrate and get a job without a
valid permit. Economic reforms also created pressures to encourage
migration from the interior to the coast as well as provided
incentives for officials not to enforce migration regulations. Until
2003, administration regulations known as custody and repatriation
authorized police to detain and return persons to their permanent
residency location, but this system was abolished after the public
outcry due to the death of Sun Zhigang.
Reforming the residency system has been a very controversial topic
within the PRC. Although the current system is widely regarded within
the PRC as unfair and inhumane, the main problem with liberalization
is that there are fears that it would result in a massive influx to
the cities which would stress already strained government services
beyond the breaking point, and result in further economic loss to
rural areas.
Hukou is not employed in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong
and Macau, though identification cards are mandatory for residents
there.
[edit]
Household registration in Taiwan
When Taiwan was under Japanese rule from 1895 to 1945, the Japanese
government maintained the same system of household registration (koseki)
as they did in other parts of the Empire of Japan. This system of
household registration, with minor changes, has been continued.
Records concerning native Taiwanese are fairly complete. Records of
Mainlanders date back to the date they first applied for registration
with the local household registration office, and are based on
information provided by the applicant.
While all ROC nationals can apply for a ROC passport, proper household
registration is required for obtaining a ROC National ID card, which
is often used as proof of citizenship, such as in national elections,
and an ID number is needed to open bank accounts. Unlike in mainland
China, residency can be easily changed with the local authorities and
household registration does not serve as a tool to limit a resident's
movements within Taiwan.
[edit]
See also
Propiska
Internal passport
[edit]
External links
Visa Reciprocity and Country Documents Finder - Taiwan
SOUTH KOREA: Male-Oriented Family Registry System to Change in 2008
China rethinks peasant 'apartheid'
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukou"
Categories: Law of the People's Republic of China &line; Mainland
China &line; Family register
2. 户口簿内容参考翻译连接：
http://www.cau.edu.cn/icb/newscenter/details.php?table=notice&id=1558
http://bbs.translators.com.cn/mtsbbs/post.
asp?method=TopicQuote&TOPIC_ID=18929&FORUM_ID=105
3. 中国学历的标准翻译及中国的学位制度
http://www.burgeon.org/n340c75.aspx
《中华人民共和国学位条例》 "Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in
the People's Republic of China"
《中华人民共和国中外合作办学条例》 Regulations of the People’s Republic
of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools
结业证书 Certificate of Completion
毕业证书 Certificate of Graduation
肄业证书 Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/
Attendance/Study
教育学院 College/Institute of Education
中学 Middle[Secondary] School
师范学校 Normal School[upper secondary level]
师范专科学校 Normal Specialised Postsecondary College
师范大学 Normal[Teachers] University
公正书 Notarial Certificate
专科学校 Postsecondary Specialised College
广播电视大学 Radio and Television University
中等专科学校 Secondary Specialised School
自学考试 Self-Study Examination
技工学校 Skilled Workers[Training] School
业余大学 Spare-Time University
职工大学 Staff and Workers University
大学 University(regular,degree-granting)
职业大学 Vocational University
继续教育学院Institute of Continuing Education
国际成人教育协会（ICAE：InternationalCouncil for Adult Education）.
成人教育Adult Education
高等专科学校，各地有不同翻译。比如，洛阳工业高等专科学校 Luoyang
Technology College江西省高等专科学校 Jiangxi Province High Training
School 郑州电力高等专科学校Zhengzhou Junior College of Electric Power
中国的学位制度Academic Degrees System
China has established a three-tiered academic degree system for higher
education consisting of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees.A
cademic degrees cover philosophy, economics, law, math, education,
literature, history, science, engineering, medicine, management and
military science.
Bachelor's Degree
Bachelor's Degree shall be conferred after students complete the
undergraduate study according to teaching plan, pass graduation review
and have no failure record in any course or thesis.
学士学位 高等学校本科学生完成教学计划所规定的各项要求，经审核准予毕业，
其课程学习和毕业论文(含毕业设计和其他毕业实践环节)的成绩合格，授予学士学
位。
Master's Degree Master's degree shall be conferred in the period of
the graduate study in institutions of higher learning and scientific
research institutions after students pass MA examinations and thesis
answer.硕士学位高等学校和科学研究机构的硕士研究生，或具有硕士研究生毕业
同等学历的人员，通过硕士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，授予硕士学位
。
Doctor's Degree Doctor's degree shall be conferred in the period of
the graduate study in institutions of higher learning and scientific
research institutions after students pass PhD examinations and thesis
answer.博士学位 高等学校和科学研究机构的博士研究生，或具有博士研究生毕业
同等学历的人员，通过博士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，授予博士学位
。
中国的教育体制：
China's education mainly comprises of the following stages:中国实行学前
教育（即幼儿教育）、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。
Preschool: children of 3 to 5 years old receive preschool education at
kindergartens.Primary school: for children of 6 to 11 years old. Primary
schools are generally run by local government. Some are run by
enterprises and individuals.Secondary school: for teenagers of 12 to
17 years old. Secondary schools are generally run by local governments
and educational departments. 为12-17岁的少年提供的教育。一般都是由地方政
府和业务部门兴办。中等教育机构为普通中学、职业中学和各类中等专业学校。普
通中学通常分为初中和高中，学习年限各为3年。初中毕业生一部分升入高中学习
，还有一部分升入职业高中和中等专科学校学习，学制为3-5年。 Secondary
schools include common middle schools, vocational schools and
specialized secondary schools（专科学校）. Common middle schools include
junior schools and senior schools, each with 3-year period of
schooling. Some junior middle school graduates are accepted by senior
middle schools while some go to vocational schools and specialized
secondary schools, with a schooling period of 3-5 years. Higher
education: including 2- to 3-year short higher education,
undergraduate education and graduate education.
China's education structure is similar to that of other countries around
the world.
4.Common Terms for Overseas Studies and Common Translation Errors in
Notarised Documents (留学常用术语和公证书中常见的译误) Winter Snow (冬
雪), NZBM, wintersnow@nzbm.com
http://www.nzbm.com/sys/index.php?op=article&file=read&aid=85
5.本人翻译的户口簿中英文件样稿
中文版本
英文版本
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