bloodmelon

ubuntu 6.06正式版硬盘安装指南

Thursday, June 8, 2006 10:40:42 PM

此方法只适用6.06版，由于官方升级6.06.1，已不提供ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso 推荐到以下网站用迅雷下载。
ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso

鉴于有人提出grub的问题，安装前请备份主引导区，最简单的办法是用diskgen，自己google。
正式版硬盘安装完成，方法和6.06测试版一样，具体如下：

1. 下载ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso （不要用desktop cd 据说硬盘安装找不到iso），amd64用户请下载ubuntu-6.06-alternate-amd64.iso，我没安装过amd64.iso,我只保证i386可以硬盘安装。

ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso

http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso
MD5SUM：
b2e9120f06d70cc076c1852c6c04654e  ubuntu-6.06-alternate-i386.iso

2. 下载硬盘启动所需要的两个文件 (不要使用ISO文件中自带的，那个不支持硬盘安装)：

initrd.gz
vmlinuz

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/dapper/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/dapper/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/initrd.gz
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/dapper/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/vmlinuz

注意：文件最好保存在fat32分区根目录。如果你只有linux系统，保存在 ext3或reiserfs分区根目录。
例如：我保存在windows的D盘（/dev/hda5）根目录。

3. 可选。已经安装Linux 并且用Grub引导的略过下面安装Grub的步骤。

下载GRUB（注意：在下载的过程中,IE有时会自动加上.Dat的扩展名，如果如此，将文件名 grldr.dat 改为 grldr ）

http://old.ubuntu.org.cn/download/installformharddisk/grldr

将 grldr 复制到 C:\,编辑C:\BOOT.INI，加入一行:

C:\GRLDR="GRUB"

重新启动计算机，按 c 进入 grub 命令行根据下载的文件存放的位置，输入并回车:

grub> kernel (hd0,4)/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=32000 devfs=mount,dall

grub> initrd (hd0,4)/initrd.gz

grub> boot

如果你嫌安装慢的话，直接断开Internet连接，应该会快很多。不过我没尝试过。
开始安装，和以前5.10的安装界面基本一样，为了避免麻烦，安装过程中语言请使用英文，只有时区选china就行。在安装结束后，参考 http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn的快速设置指南在新系统里再进行中文化。安装过程需要设置地方很少，语言，键盘，时区，网络，分区，用户名，密码，grub等，还是很easy的。如果你不想覆盖以前安装的Grub，可以：比如，ubuntu6.06的boot分区在/dev/hda1，你只要将grub安装到/dev/hda1,并且修改原来的grub.conf文件，就可以用以前的grub引导ubuntu6.06：

title=ubuntu 6.06
root (hd0,0)
chainloader +1

关于安装grub失败的问题，我用ubuntu iso没发现。特意下了kubuntu的来试验，发现错误解决办法：
在提示grub安装失败时，选择返回back，回到安装步骤界面，选择基本系统base，重新安装基本系统base system，等基本系统安装完之后，选择install Grub bootloader,安装程序会问你安装到哪里？输入：/dev/hda
就是安装在MBR。这个方法适用于ubuntu和kubuntu.

请将自己的/boot和/ 分区记录下来，也许下面设置grub要用到。
关于grub 安装到mbr的问题，我有空可以试试，因为我的ubuntu grub安装到/boot所在分区，mbr用的还是原来的grub，具体情况不清楚。我需要具体的错误信息。
在硬盘安装过程中，会提示grub安装到哪里？如果安装到mbr，输入/dev/hda, (SATA 硬盘是/dev/sda)? 您输入是否正确？要安装到/boot分区，假如/boot是在/dev/hda1 ，您应该输入/dev/hda1,然后继续安装。

如果您安装有Win XP系统，可以用grldr进行修复，按c 进入grub命令行模式

grub> (hd0,0)/kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.15-23-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash vga=792
grub> initrd (hd0,0)/initrd.img-2.6.15-23-386 
grub> boot

注意：根据自己分区情况改，不要照抄。

引导进入ubuntu6.06 重新安装grub

# grub
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

(hd0,0)是/boot所在分区，请改成自己的。

然后编辑/boot/grub/menu.lst 重启，应该不会有问题了。
可以参考这里修改http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=16318

PS：这是一个Arch Linux用户写的ubuntu6.06正式版硬盘安装指南，算是庆祝ubuntu6.06发布，献给最好的中文开源社区ubuntucn的礼物。

转贴请保留原文地址：http://my.opera.com/bloodmelon/blog/show.dml/284393
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/about16398.html

我的规则包：P2P Table设置(BT eMule)O'reilly的新书：玩转Ubuntu (Ubuntu Hacks)

Comments

Anonymous # Tuesday, June 27, 2006 10:29:47 AM

Anonymous writes: kubuntu的分区软件怎么不能手动分区,是不是太烂了! 我弄了几次,用liveCD安装,都无法删除windows分区,也不能进行正确的分区!

Anonymous # Thursday, June 29, 2006 11:27:14 AM

Anonymous writes: 可以手动分区滴

Anonymous # Monday, July 3, 2006 3:12:00 AM

Anonymous writes: 安装后，进入登录界面，提示不能用root登录，怎么办？

bloodmelon # Friday, July 7, 2006 11:50:11 PM

ubuntu 不能用root登录要用安装过程创建的用户名登录
kubuntu 我手动分区没问题

WSQWsqblackheart # Sunday, July 9, 2006 3:09:38 PM

正想从硬盘安装，所以google一搜，就看见你的这篇，很详细接下来我就照着做了。

Anonymous # Tuesday, August 15, 2006 2:23:55 PM

Anonymous writes: grub> kernel (hd0,4)/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=32000 devfs=mount,dall 不是很明了这个命令..能解释清楚一些麽... 我一直装不成功

bloodmelon # Wednesday, August 16, 2006 6:24:18 AM

grub> kernel (hd0,4)/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=32000 devfs=mount,dall
不是很明了这个命令..能解释清楚一些麽...
我一直装不成功

首先要看一下grub的帮助，在grub中第一个硬盘的第一个分区是(hd0,0)，第二个分区是(hd0,1)，通常windows的D盘是(hd0,4)，所以我的内核文件所在的位置是(hd0,4)/vmlinuz，你要根据自己内核文件的分区，自己修改设置。

整个命令主要是grub引导所用的内核路径，挂载根目录的设备是/dev/ram ramdisk的大小是32M，实际上就是在内存里模拟一个硬盘，用来挂载根目录。
devfs字面意思是设备文件系统，mount是挂载，dall是所有类型。

如果你用SATA硬盘的话，要改成：

grub> kernel (sd0,4)/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=32000 devfs=mount,dall

Anonymous # Thursday, August 17, 2006 3:21:56 PM

Anonymous writes: 我的grub安装不成功。。。你写的那个还是不是很懂也。。。我安装的时候它提示说grub安装不成功。。我就跳过然后启动的时候就说什么启动不了。。。晕

Anonymous # Friday, August 18, 2006 8:24:47 AM

xiaochong writes: 安装时为什么会出现黑屏呢？我的电脑原来装有windows xp 大概装到60%的时候就不行了好像是要出来一个界面，但是没有成功，然后就是黑屏了，还有两个小白块谁能告诉我怎么回事了？我的电脑是笔记本电脑的

bloodmelon # Wednesday, August 23, 2006 9:48:20 PM

如果启动参数有 vga=792的话，先去掉。
具体硬件的问题，我就爱莫能助啦。

Anonymous # Sunday, September 17, 2006 1:59:48 PM

rui writes: 我按照上面的步骤作了，但是碰到如下的错误： Kernel panic - not synciing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)

bloodmelon # Tuesday, September 19, 2006 9:28:24 PM

Kernel panic - not synciing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)

你的硬盘是IDE还是SATA？ SATA要改成sda
还有看提示你用的是第二硬盘的第一分区，请问这个分区必须是FAT32或ext3？

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