My OperaAssignment - Graphics and design
Saturday, May 21, 2011 12:27:25 PM
Some exercises about Graphics and Design
Cổ Nguyễn Cúc Hạ:
2.10 Graphic design
Choose the best words from each pair in bold.
1. It's usually possible to import/introduce Adobe PageMaker files into Adobe InDesign. The majority of graphic design applications can export/send off documents as PDF files, or as HTML web pages.
2. This box has a black frame/outside, also known as a "stroke". Inside the frame, the fill is a fade/gradient from dark grey to light grey. The difference between the two versions of "wave", is that curling/kerning has been applied to the top version.
3. A frame, graphic or block of text is known as an object / a thing. These are arranged in levels/layers – the top layer overlaps / overruns the layer below.
4. This image is blurred /soft at the edges (see unit 1.6 for the original). This result / effect is also known as feathering / birding.
5. Full bleed / total bleed means that the page is printed right up to the edges – there are no white margins. The snail / slug area is the area outside the area to be printed where instructions for the printer are written.
6. This image has been pulled /stretched (see unit 2.8 for the original).
7. Before a document goes to press / for printing, it's essential to check the examples / proofs for errors.
8. Like desktop printers, most colour printing machines / presses print in four colours: cyan (light blue), magenta (dark pink), yellow and black. Before printing, a document must be divided into the four colours. this process is called colour separation / division. These separations are then turned into plates / stamps – one for each of the inks that will be used.
9. Prior to colour separation, coloured images, graphics and text have to be transformed / converted from RGB (Red Green Blue), the colour format of computer displays, to CMYK (Cyan Magenta Yellow Black) the colour format of printing presses.
10. The process of preparing documents from a graphic designer for the printing press is called reprographics / reproduction.
2.9 Image editing
Answer: 1-d 2-i 3-j 4-f 5-g 6-b 7-a 8-c 9-e 10-h
B. True or false?
1. Greyscale images take up more disk space than colour images.
False. Greyscale images take up less disk space than coulour images.
2. It's often preferable to scan line drawings as black and white images rather than greyscale images. This takes up less disk space, and produces sharper lines. This type of image is also known as lineart.
True
3. On most computers, you can view photos as a slideshow – each photo is shown for a few seconds.
True
4. You can also view photos as fingernails – small versions of the photos, with lots shown on the screen at the same time.
False. As “thumbnails” not “fingernails”
5. A vector image (for example, a clipart image) can be expanded to any size without loss of resolution. A bitmap image (for example, a photo) is made of pixels, so it loses resolution when it is expanded.
True
Graphics and Design
14. Type of graphics software
Computer graphics are pictures created , changed or processed by computers. There are two categories.
1. Bitmapped graphics represent images as bitmaps; they are stored as pixels and can become a bit distored when they are manipulated. The density of dots, know as the resolution and expressed in dots per inch, determines how sharp the image is.
2. Vector graphics represent images as mathermatical formulac, so they can be changed or scaled without lisong quality. They are ideal for high-resolution output.
There are different types of graphics sofware.
- Image manipulation programs let you edit your favourite images. For example, you can scan a picture into your PC or tranfer a photo from your camera and then add different effects, or filters.
Painting and drawing programs, also called illustration packages, offer facilities for freehand drawing, with a wide choice of pens and brushes, colours and patterns. One example is Windows Paint.
Business graphics programs, also called presentation software , let you create pie charts,bar charts and line graphs of all kinds for slide shows and reports. You can import data from a database or spreadsheet to generate the graphs.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is used by engineers and architects to design everything from cars and planes to building and furniture. First they make a wireframe, a drawing with edges and contour lines. Then if they want to colour the objects and add texture, they create a surface for the object; this is called filling the surface. Finally, the design is rendered to make the object look realistic. Rendering is a process than adds realism to graphics by using shading, light sources and reflections.
Desktop publishing (DTP) is based around a page layout program, which lets you import text from a word processor, clip-art (ready made pictures) from graphics packages, and images from scanners or cameras and arrange them all on a page. It is used to design and publish books, newspapers, posters, advertisements etc.
Digital art, or computer art, is done with applets than use mathematical formulae to create beautiful bright shapes called fractals. A fractal is a geometrical figure with special properties, e.g. the Koch snowflake or the Mandelbrot set. Fractals can also be used to model real objects like clouds, coastlines or landscapes.
Computers animation uses graphics programs (e.g. digital cartooning system ) to create or edit moving pictures. Each image in a sequence of images is called a frame.
Geographic information system (GIS) allow cartographers to create detailed maps.
14.1 Read A opposite and decide which type of graphic soft ware is the best for
1. A person who wants to edit photos at home.
Image manipulation programs
2. An economist who wants to present staristics in a form that can be easily understood.
Business graphics programs, also called presentation software
3. Engineers who need to design the interior and exterior of a new aeroplane.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
4. A company which needs to design and publish a magazine.
Desktop publishing (DTP)
5. An artist who wants to produce illustration and freehand drawings for a book.
Painting and drawing programs
6. An organization that needs to make maps and 3D virtual models of the surface of the Earth.
Geographic information system (GIS)
7. Computer animators who make movies like Toy Stoy and Shrek.
Graphics programs (e.g. digital cartooning system)
8. A marthmatician who wants to make fractal shapes of natural phenomena.
Digital art, or computer art
14.2 Complete the sentences with words from the box
1. Painting programs work by giving a colour to catch pixel in an image, creating a bitmap. Unlike vector graphics, the image is a single layer, so once something is painted, it becomes part of the whole picture.
2. In paiting programs and image editors, Filters are special effects that can be applied to a picture, including drop shadows, textures, distortions, etc.
3. The fractal model is the simplest interpretation of a true three-dimensional object. Here the object is represented by its edges and contours and is therefore similar in form to a normal engineering drawing or sketch.
4. Rendering adds textures to each surface and generates realistic reflection, shadows and highlights.
5. Most illustration packages come with a bundle of resources that include ready-made clip-art images and a selection of fonts.
6. Wire frame are geometrical patterns that are repeated at a small scale to generate irregular shapes, some of which are similar to objects in nature.
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