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BOTOX is a prescription medicine that is injected into muscles and used to treat different muscle problems. It is prescribed to treat the abnormal head position and neck pain that happens with cervical dystonia (CD) in adults and to treat certain types of eye muscle problems (strabismus) or abnormal spasm of the eyelids (blepharospasm) in people who are equal to or older than 12 years. Botulinum toxin is a lethal naturally occurring substance, but when carefully isolated and purified can be used as an effective and powerful medication.

BOTOX for cosmetic indications is a simple, physician-administered, non-surgical treatment that can temporarily smooth moderate to severe excessive sweating, forehead Lines, frown Lines and crow's Feet. It is the only therapy that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). BOTOX is also injected into the skin to treat the symptoms of severe underarm sweating, also known as severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis, when medicines used on the skin do not work well.

Botulinum toxin is a medication and a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and is known to be very toxic with an LD50 of roughly 0.005-0.05 g/kg. Despite its deadly toxic effect, a few times it is also used in very small doses to treat muscle spasms.

In cosmetics, a Botox injection that consists of a small dose of botulinum toxin can be used to prevent formation of wrinkles by paralyzing facial muscles. The wrinkle preventing effect of Botox lasts for approximately 3-4 months, up to 6 months. The providers of Botox Cosmetics include dermatologists, plastic surgeons, cosmetic physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants, and medical spas.

Botox, in addition to its cosmetic applications, is also currently used in the treating spasms and dystonias, which it effectively suppresses for 60-70 days. The main conditions include: Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck), Blepharospasm (excessive blinking), Severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), Achalasia (failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax), Local intradermal injection of BTX-A is helpful in chronic focal painful neuropathies. The analgesic effects are not dependent on changes in muscle tone, Migraine and other headache disorders, although the evidence is conflicting in this indication.

The other uses of botulinum toxin type A that are widely known but not specifically approved by FDA (off-label uses) include treatment of: Pediatric incontinence, incontinence due to overactive bladder, and incontinence due to neurogenic bladder, Anal fissure, Spastic disorders associated with injury or disease of the central nervous system including trauma, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or cerebral palsy, Focal dystonias affecting the limbs, face, jaw, or vocal cords, TMJ pain disorders, Diabetic neuropathy, Wound healing, Excessive salivation, Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) including spasmodic dysphonia and tremor, Reduction of the Masseter muscle for decreasing the size of the lower jaw, treatment and prevention of chronic headache and chronic musculoskeletal pain are emerging uses for botulinum toxin type A. In addition, there is evidence that Botox may aid in weight loss by increasing the gastric emptying time.

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