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Posts tagged with "device"

Keyboard drag and drop: HTML and accessibility

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Should-read article: Accessible drag and drop using WAI-ARIA

The keyboard-friendly design of Opera was one of the things that attracted me to the browser in the first place, and one I am disappointed with the slow progress with. Keyboard-wise Opera today isn't substantially better today than Opera 3, or at least Opera 7. In some cases it is better (like spatial navigation when it works), in other cases it is worse (I still haven't found how to recover the Alt+Z history view, one of Opera's greatest inventions). I don't think Opera does any keyboard-only or keyboard-augmented usability testing.

Opera's lack of progress is one thing, but in the Web sphere things are actually getting worse. Early on you could do keyboard-only browsing most of the time. If the site used frames it was very awkward and it was better to use any mousing device available, and you had the occasional idiot who used 'onclick' functionality to recreate actual links, either because he didn't like the colour or underline of links or simply because he could.

Most of those idiots have discovered CSS by now (there should be a Hall of Shame site for those who haven't), but in these webapp ajax gidget 2.0 days recreating the user interface is the game of the day, and that usually means breaking the keyboard.

One of the tasks you can't reliably do with the keyboard today is drag and drop, and that goes for navigating to dynamically generated submenus and choices as well.

In my view the raging accessibility question shouldn't be whether the 'alt' attribute is optional or mandatory, but how we can make the Facebooks of the future accessible.

This ties in with HTML5 and the obituaries over the dead discontinued XHTML2 spec. XHTML2 and XForms were designed with accessibility in mind, HTML5 was designed primarily with web designers in mind. For a devoted keyboard user that should make the preference easy, right? Not so. The HTML4 spec, like XHTML2 and XForms, is filled with well-intentioned accessibility features, but those features are no good if they are not used.

An attribute like 'longdesc' can make an inaccessible picture into a device-independent and accessible textual representation of that picture. All the designer has to do is to spend a couple hours for each picture describing them in detail what they depict and what they are used for in an as context-independent way as possible. For some reason most web designers opt not to do that.

Given the choice between having Facebook and similar sites mostly usable or the WAI site and a couple other special interest sites perfectly accessibly marked up, Facebook is the winner. If the spec can give designers the features they crave and then behind the scenes give the browser or the assistive tool the information they need to cater to their users we have a winner. The HTML5 work with drag and drop looks very promising in this regard.

What the HTML5 spec doesn't cover, and which Opera has struggled with in its extensive keyboard support, is how to handle the conflicting interests of the web application developer and the user agent, be it a browser and/or assistive tool. As an example Opera uses the A key to navigate to the next link, what if that key is used by the application? In a keyboard not having the A key another key is used instead, or the user can configure his own keyboard mapping, so it wouldn't make sense to make a collection including A "reserved key" unavailable for the application. So who should win in a battle of A, the web application or the user agent? CSS has covered a similar conflict in the Cascade (the C in CSS), essentially default < author preferences < user-important preferences. For a User Agent I believe the best option is to let the UI be overridden by the web application (otherwise the application won't work in that environment) but have a mechanism to override the application when needed.

Related, given the great variety of keyboards, some user mechanism to remap keyboard mappings is necessary not only for the user agent, but for the web application as well.


Here is a demo of keyboard-accessible drag and drop in action.

State of the Mobile Web

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Opera has published some stats on phone use with Opera Mini the first quarter this year (based on the URL this seems to be a front page rather than a quarter report 2008/I, so if you read this post later the content may no longer match). To what extent this can be generalised to phone browsing in general is less clear.

The first graph, cumulative users per month, isn't very interesting unless you're into marketing or wonder how well Opera Mini fares, even then it is less useful than the two other graphs for page views and data consumed that tells something about how much it is used as opposed to how often it is installed, and the use grows considerably faster than the number of installs. The consumption table is particularly freaky, what happened in December that almost doubled the traffic (and increased the number of pageview by almost a half)? In November Mini 4.0 was released. That the data consumption increased faster than the number of pages viewed would either mean that people were viewing more advanced (or bloated) pages than they did before, that the data compression is less efficient than 3.0, or both.

The bigger story is that five times as much traffic is handled this March than a year ago, and though the columns are too small to measure precisely that in turn was five times as much as March 2006. So will the current 1 terabyte of data every day turn into 5 terabytes by 2009? By the guesstimate that Opera Mini uses a quarter of Norway's bandwidth, they should be using five quarters of the bandwidth by then...

Of more general interest would be which sites are visited, but I am missing the PC top 10 for the different countries to compare results. The variability from a country to the next is pretty high, possibly higher than desktop. I also wonder how the sites are classified.

If social network sites are relatively more commonly accessed on a phone than on a PC, it would fit my tenet that a phone is a more social device than a PC. A high number of searches wouldn't be surprising either, you get the answer where you are, and now you have a fair chance of getting the answer before you forget the question too.


Hardware

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I don't buy much electronic stuff, but I have been on the look-out for a new phone since my old one died, letting my company Sony-Ericsson P800 double as my own phone in the meantime. Working for Opera makes buying a new phone harder as I can see products not yet on the market, tempting me to wait for the next generation, which in the phone world means 6-12 months in the future. The venerable P800 has already become a great grandfather of its line, it may be filled with wisdom, but not with verve.

So laden with cash I went out to buy me a phone. Of course nowadays buying means comparing what is in the market, their characteristics with my requirements, with some recommendations to seal the deal, then checking what price I could get (no operator binding please). The actual buying meant going into a store, pointing at a plastic dummy and saying "I want that one, please" and was done within minutes.

I had expected to go out with a 2006 generation smartphone, but I didn't. Instead the winner was another Sony-Ericsson, K750i. This eminently unoriginal choice was simple, it provided a better package. The other and newer front runners had one flaw or another. As a bonus, as this phone was released in 2005, it was half price.

It isn't the greatest data phone, but it is a good one. For demo/state of the art phones I would use an Opera phone, but it does Opera Mini well and the Bluetooth support is great. The phone is also my laptop link to the Internet whereWiFi is unavailable, which still includes my apartment. GPRS, which is all this phone does, isn't exactly fast but it is available at practically any place in the republic with my unlimited data access plan.

It is among the greatest camera phones, which makes it into a decent camera. That matters as I can't be bothered to carry a camera anywhere, making a separate camera useless. K750i doubles as a camera, and though there are some nags it has point-and-click usability.

The same goes for the music player and radio, a separate device is not an option. For me this is less crucial than the camera, and for a practical music player a bigger memory card than the one provided will be required.

Of course it needs telephony, and by that I primarily mean SMS. Anyone calling me will be redirected to my voice mail, and I never listens to my voice mail. I don't listen to podcasts either. As an SMS machine the phone is fine, but not in the league of the nail-writing recognition of P800. Going back to T9 now seems archaic, and I discovered a problem I didn't have last time I used it. I bought the phone in the Czech Republic, and it has Czech and English as well as a custom dictionary. That is fine, I've used them all, but I also need a Norwegian dictionary. I will have to figure out how to find and install such a dictionary, as well as find an external keyboard for the phone.

One small thing I depend on is the phone as an alarm clock. The timid P800 didn't really perform, though with vibration on a sound board it usually was able to wake me up. No such troubles with the K750i, this one is really obnoxious.

Among the oddities that the phone adds is a light. It may seem extraneous, but I have navigated down a forested hill on a moonless night assisted by nothing but the strong glare from the P800. It may make me drop my Solitaire keychain flashlight too. I am less convinced by the SOS blinking function, especially given the low Morse code literacy, but I will consider it the next time I go down a forested hill and fall.

With continously running GPRS, Bluetooth, radio/music player, and active use of the camera, the flashlight, the alarm clock, and the odd text message the battery is getting a workout. Supposedly the K750i has a long battery life, but I still have to recharge several times a day.

The end of the PC era

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Since the late 1980s I have been among those predicting the end of the Personal Computer, and that end is now in sight. The PC is going the way of the typewriter, but not overnight. It took the PC about 15 years to completely replace the typewriter, and we can expect a similar interval before it finally disappear, possibly ending up among the same hobbyists where it started.

This transformation is less fundamental than the replacement of the typewriter was. It is like the T-Ford replacing the horse carriage, and modern cars replacing the T-Ford. Apple may score points for experimenting with the "Any color you like as long as it is beige" formula, but the Mac is still a T-Ford.

The PCs were called microcomputers before IBM coined the name Personal Computer, and overall microcomputers is a more apt name, they have just become a lot more micro lately. For IBM, that some decades earlier had estimated the world demand of computers to 5, the idea that each person should have his own computer was a radical one at the time. It just wasn't radical enough. I don't want to be constrained to one PC. I use several computers daily, a couple stationary, others are mobile, most are embedded. I can visit a friend or maybe an Internet cafe and have access to much the same information there as I would have at home.

The truly radical idea was the network, the Ethernet and the Internet (ARPAnet in those days). It was immediately obvious how brilliant networking was, but it was also exorbitantly expensive. An Ethernet connection cost about the same as a PC, and as you needed to pay for at least two computers plus the connection, a computer network was only something universities and some companies could afford. But the ones that did were a part of a global network (for a rather small part of the globe). The cost rapidly fell, and has been falling ever since. This has been the PC's undoing.

The PC is a package created by cost and manufacturing concerns, again much like the T-Ford. To a much lesser extent has it been formed by user needs. Devices that have been formed by user needs have not been able to communicate with other devices. As the rigid manufacturing regimes are falling, communication gets easier, and the cost is gone, the computers become a component of the product instead of the product itself. This will diversify computers as well as simplify them, with the big beige house altar gone.

The PC computers will change skin before retirement. Cost and manufacturing has led to mobile PCs, the black clamshelled boxes called everything from portable to notebook, being competitive with stationary PCs, and soon they will be cheaper. Just as phones are entering a clamshell phase, the notebook may leave it. The heaviest component in a notebook is the battery, the biggest is the screen. The other components, including keyboard, storage, and processor can be neatly folded up more tightly than today. Dual-screen notebooks, battery booster packs (with bundled media player?), notebook set-top boxes, foldable screens, or simply a phone with an attached keyboard and/or screen bundle. With the software divested from the hardware, and data divested from the software, such components could be of use for other devices too.

While the even the stationary PCs may become tossable, most won't move much during their lifetime. Smaller computers means that it is as natural to plug them into other devices as it is to plug devices into them. Gradually they will lose their elevated personal assistant status. It won't matter if you have previously a task on one device or another, the next time you do that task you use the device that is most handy. With the exclusivity gone, the Personal in front of the Computer, the computer will retreat to the background to do its tasks to let the device perform its role.

Gadget disk

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Saw that Virgin had made an iPod competitor, and the low weight was welcome. But the reason I have never considered an iPod applies to this thing too. I don't care about PC synchronisation, I care about phone synchronization. A 5GB external harddisk/MP3 player is an attractive addition to a phone, especially when it weights less than 100g. The radio would have been a welcome addition if it hadn't been largely redundant with a phone.

There are other ways to get a GB external harddisk to a phone, not that it would make any sense even if I could.