Education

<ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">How to study Physics in 11^th and 12^th class?-Part-1

Note:In this part, I will be explaining to you the importance of Physics as a subject of study.

Physics is the most fundamental science. Knowledge of physics forms the base for all the branches of
science and engineering. So for a science student it is very important to gain a basic knowledge of physics. That is why physics is a compulsory subject for science students in 11^th and
12^th class in India.


What is Physics?
It is very easy to define chemistry or biology. Chemistry is the science that studies material
transformations which occur in nature. Biology is the science that studies about Life and Processes related to Life. Chemistry and Biology have therefore a very well defined area of interest.

But if we consider physics, we see, in physics we study about motion, force, energy, light, heat,
gravitation, electricity, atoms, nucleus of atoms, molecules, planets, stars, universe etc. the list is endless. Thus we see, in physics we study about atoms, nucleus, electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks... at one extreme, and we study about galaxies and universe at the other extreme. And in physics we also study about everything that comes in between these two extremes. So what is left?
Nothing frankly! So we can say in physics we study about everything that is part of nature. That is why it is very difficult to define the scope of physics. But still if we like to define physics we can
say Physics is that branch of science in which we try to understand the rules by which the nature works at every level of its existence (from microscopic to the mega macroscopic)

People think that by studying science in general, and physics in particular, they will be able to answer all the WHY?, WHAT? Or HOW? questions. But mind you, that is not the aim of physics. Aim of physics is to understand the rules behind the working of nature. Yes, by gaining such understanding you will surely answer some WHY?, WHAT? or HOW? questions, but some questions may remain unanswered. For example, everybody knows that some particles(like electrons) posses a property called Electrical Charge. But why do they possess electric charge? Why there are two kinds of charges in nature whereas there is only one kind of mass? Why electrical force can be both attractive or repulsive whereas
gravitational force is always attractive? There is no answer to these questions. These are facts. Yes, in future with the expansion in our knowledge about the rules of nature, we may answer some of these
questions but today we can't. And even if we don't know the answers to these "why?" questions, then also the knowledges that we gained from the above facts are helpful to human race. The entire branch of electrical engineering is based on the fact that Electric Charge exists which can flow through a conducting wire to give Electric Current. Although we don't know why electric charge exists
in the first place.

Since we study about the entire nature in physics that is why the knowledge gained in physics about nature is universally applicable. For example, Law of Conservation of Energy has been find to be true everywhere. Newton's Laws of motion are (at small speeds) true for every moving object, whether living or non-living or astronomical.

Knowledges about the rules of working of nature that we gain in physics are very useful for other sciences as well. For example, the knowledges about the structure of atoms or about how atoms can
combine to form molecules... etc have been generated in physics (in Quantum Mechanics). These knowledges form the foundation for chemistry. The subject of chemistry can't even begin if we do not
have a proper understanding of atoms and their structure. So we see chemistry is totally dependent upon physics for its foundations. That is why Physical Chemistry( which is “physics needed to
understand chemistry”) is one of the branch of chemistry which every chemistry student must study. Biology of modern times is totally dependent upon chemistry. Because today in biology, we know,
all life-processes are controlled by genes which are sequences of DNA( Deo-xyribonucleic Acid). Genes regulate life processes by chemically manufacturing hormones ( a chemical compound). So we see,
chemistry depends upon physics and biology depends upon chemistry. Thus, we see, indirectly biology too depends upon physics. Biology directly needs the knowledge of physics too. For example, to understand the working of brain we need the knowledge of electromagnetic waves and their properties, because Neurons interact with one another through em-waves. Experimental biology uses the techniques and discoveries in physics directly for its benefit. For example, structure of cell ( building
block of life) was known only with the help of Electron Microscope. Structure of DNA was understood with the help of techniques called X-ray crystallography.

That is why physics is called the mother of all sciences


For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE

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Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.

For taking my test series in Physics and Maths click here

For any help or query you can contact me (J.P.Sinha) on my mobile +91 9871 222 426 (it is a New Delhi mobile)Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am IST

Analysis of Question Papers of IIT-JEE-2009.

AUTHOR-J.P.Sinha. Delhi based Teacher for IIT-JEE/PMT

IIT-JEE-2009 consisted of two question papers of three hours duration each. Each question paper carried 240 marks. Thus the total maximum marks for IIT-JEE-2009 was 480. Questions from all the three subjects- chemistry, physics and mathematics- were present in each of the paper.

PAPER-1

Paper-1 contained 60 questions in total - 20 of chemistry, 20 of maths and 20 of physics. Paper-1 consisted of 3 Parts. Part-1 contained 20 questions of chemistry. Part-2 contained 20 questions of maths, and similarly Part-3 contained 20 questions of physics.

Questions in each PART were grouped into four sections.

SECTION-1 of each PART cotained 8 multiple choice questions(MCQs). In these, each question had 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer, out of which only one was correct. Marking Scheme was : Three(3) marks for each correct attempt. Zero(0) Marks for not attempting a question, and, minus one (-1) for wrong attempt of a question.

SECTION-2 of each PART contained 4 MCQs. Each question had 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer, out of which ONE or MORE could be correct. And to get marks a student was required to identify all the correct choices in a question. Marking Scheme was : Four(4) marks for each correct attempt. Zero(0) Marks for not attempting a question, and, minus one (-1) for wrong attempt of a question.

SECTION-3 of each PART consisted of two groups of questions. Each group was based of a paragraph and contained 3 questions. Thus there were 6 questions in this section. In these, each question had 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer, out of which only one was correct. Marking Scheme was : Four(4) marks for each correct attempt. Zero(0) Marks for not attempting a question, and, minus one (-1) for wrong attempt of a question.

SECTION-4 of each PART contained 2 questions. Each question was Matching Type. There were two columns in each question. Column 1 had four statements ( A,B,C and D) and Column 2 had five statements ( p,q,r,s and t ). Any statement  in Column 1 can have correct matching with one or more statements of Column 2. Marking Scheme: Two (2) marks were awarded for identifying all the correct matches of a statement in Column 1 with those  of statements in Column-2. Thus for 4 statements in Column 1, each question allowed an opportunity to score upto a maximum of 8 marks. There were no negative marking for incorrect matchings in this section. For getteing marks, however, a student was required to identify all the correct matches of a statement in Column-1 with those in Column-2 to get 2 marks for that statement.

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For reading my other articles on IIT-JEE preparation go to  List of all my Articles on IIT-JEE/PMT preparation 

FOR any help or query contact me (J.P.Sinha) at my mobile+91 9871 222 426 (it is a New Delhi mobile number).Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am, Indian Time

List of all my articles on IIT-JEE/PMT preparation:-CLICK HERE to go to the page that contains the list of all the articles written by me on IIT-JEE and PMT preparation.

Formulae and Concepts: For the benefits of students studying in 11th and 12th standards, I have written some SUBJECT related articles. In these articles, I have given important formulae, tricks, some not-so-well-known concepts... etc., of different topics in Physics and Mathematics.] Links to those articles are given below:

TRIGONOMETRY:

1. Introduction:This article contains the basic definitions and concepts of trigonometry.
2. Basic Formulae: This article contains all the basic formulae of trigonometry.

LOGARITHM:

1. INTRODUCTION:Gives a brief introduction to the idea of logarithm.
2. LOGARITHM-2: -In this article I have tried to show that logarithm can be treated as a Function in mathematics
3. Basic Formulae:-In this you can find basic formulae of logarithm

PHYSICS - MOTION-11^th Class

1. Introduction: In this article I have discussed the fundamental concept of Reference frame, Position and Motion.These concepts are not properly discussed in books.

FOR any help or query contact me (J.P.Sinha)on my mobile +91 9871 222 426(it is a New Delhi mobile number).Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am IST

For taking my test series in Physics and Maths click here

Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.

For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE

Problem Solving skills in Maths and Physics.

AUTHOR-J.P.Sinha.Teacher for IIT-JEE/PMT

For science/maths students in general, and IIT-JEE or PMT aspirants in particular, learning the skills of problem solving is very important.Questions and problems in science (especially physics!) and maths contain factual, conceptual, theoretical and numerical ingredients all entangled with each other.And this makes solving them tough for the beginners.That is why students begin to fear Physics and Maths because these two subjects requires finest quality of problem solving skills from students.There is no universal technique that can solve all problems because different problems usually require different methods and approaches for successful solution. Nevertheless, if a student works systematically then soon problem solving will become fun for him/her.

Thus for the benefits of the student community (or any body who is interested in learning the art of the problem solving) I have presented below a sequence of steps that, if followed, can immensely help in solving questions in Physics and Maths.

PART-1:

• Read The Question/Problem carefully.
• Identify what is being asked.
• Make a list of knowns and unknowns.
• Note carefully the information given.(Sometimes, some informations which are part of general-knowledge are not specifically given.Note such relevant informations-if any.)
• Sketch a neat diagram or a rough graph to aid your thinking.(Diagrams and graphs should be drawn in such a way that they describe the situation of the problem clearly.)
• If you can make an estimate of the final solution (by reasoning or some logical guess!), then you must do that. Because at the end when you actually get your answer by solving the problem then you can check the truthfulness of your answer by comparing it with your estimate.

PART-2 :

• Write a verbal description of relationship among all quantities.
• Write all relevant formulae known to you involving known and unknown quantities.
• Examine similar problems to see if their solution techniques are applicable.
• Look for a pattern so that you may think upto many steps ahead of your calculations.
• You may start with a special simpler case to gain insight.
• Sometimes a problem may be broken into two or more number of non-overlaping cases and each case may be solved separately.

PART-3:

• DO all calculations according to your decided plan.
• Check your solution with your estimate and graph. Does it make sense? Does it seem resonable?
• If every thing seems fine, then you have got your solution.

CONGRATULATIONS!

Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.

FOR any help or query contact me (J.P.Sinha)on my mobile +91 9871 222 426(it is a New Delhi mobile number).Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am IST

Other articles of this series:

For taking my test series in Physics and Maths click here

1. Part-1:-This explains how you can begin your preparation when you enter class- 11^th .
2. Part-2: This explains how you can give your preparation a good finish.
3. Preparation after passing 12^th board exam: I have written this article for those students who have already passed 12^th and are preparing for IIT-JEE/PMT.
4. Book List:In this you can get an indicative Book List for IIT-JEE preparation.
5. LIST OF ALL Articles:-On this page you can find the list of all the articles written by me any where on the net.I have provided hyper-links to let you go to the articles quickly.

To know how to prepare for IIT or PMT(or any other medical or engineering entrance ) read the following carefully.
AUTHOR-J.P.Sinha.Teacher for IIT-JEE/PMT

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NOTE:This part(in blue colour) is being written on 9th March 2012.
According to the proposed new Admission Policy, for admission to Engineering and Medical courses in India(which is likely to be implemented from next year),the marks obtained by a student in his/her 12th board exam will be a very important factor in deciding the admission of the student to an Engineering or a Medical college. In the light of this new proposed Admission Policy, the plan-of-study suggested by me in this article and the Part-2 of this article has become more relevant than before.
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In India,the moment a student passes out of 10^th std., and takes science in 11^th/12^th, he receives a big shock.The way different subjects are developed in 11^th are so different from that in 10^th that many students get totally overwhelmed. But after one or two months most students get used to the new syllabus.Even then the preparation of IIT/PMT seems impossible to many.Different people respond differently to this seemingly tough situation.But my experience as a teacher ( I have been teaching PHYSICS/MATHS to 11^th/12^th students of science in Delhi in the sector of tuition/coaching for the last several years!) says that there is no need to panic at all.

A student should divide the work of IIT/PMT preparation into two stages.

STAGE ONE:
Initially students should simply concentrate on the basic NCERT syllabus. NCERT books are very good for basic concept building.They are also not very lengthy.So one can easily finish the entire 11^th + 12^th syllabus in eight to nine months, if one is sincere.During this stage, while they are studying NCERT texts, students should practice MCQ problem solving from any popular private publication books e.g. Pradeep,Dinesh etc.For really speedy completion of syllabus according to this plan, personal home tuition may be taken in each subject.In this way, within the first eight-nine months of 11^th class, the entire +2 syllabus will be completed at the basic level along with some good amount of problem solving practice for the students.I would also like to emphasize that students should also make it their habbit to keep revising what they have already studied at regular intervals(say,on weekly basis).

Many students take admission in big coachings in the beginning of the class 11^th . Most such students never get selected in any IIT/PMT institution.Why?!.... Very simple!. In these coachings, in the name of advanced preparation, blind problem solving is promoted.There, basic concepts are not taught properly, and just formulae are discussed as part of theory teaching.Then right away, very tough questions are introduced to be solved.These questions generally pass over the head of most students.The teacher solves those questions in the class or sometimes students are given printed solutions of the assignments from their institute.Students try to learn those solutions without learning the art that "How to solve a new question by applying systematic thinking to it with the help of basic concepts?"

Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.
FOR any help or query contact me (J.P.Sinha)on my mobile +91 9871 222 426 (it is a New Delhi mobile number).Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am IST
For taking my test series in Physics and Maths click here
Other articles of this series:

1. Part-2:-This explains how you can give your preparation a good finish.
2. Board Exam:-This explains how you can get high marks in PHYSICS and MATHS in Board Exam.
3. LIST OF ALL Articles:-On this page you can find the list of all the articles written by me any where on the net.I have provided hyper-links to let you go to the articles quickly.

NOTE: For IIT-JEE-syllabus go to IIT-Delhi-JEE-web page
For taking my test series in Physics and Maths click here
For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE