Melani Warod

The skyscraper rising sheer from level ground of each, are recording the footprint that Shenzhen marches towards the internationalized metropolis; Also the milestones where countless builders in Shenzhen are proud of. This is condensing several ten million people's passion and place of the dream, has witnessed the system innovation again of market of tangible building, bid system of making Shenzhen bid trade explore in ten years, innovate several times, become " mode of Shenzhen " And receive the national counterpart to study, is extolled by the industry, has explored a new way for the construction project bid reform and development in the whole country.

Before long, " the project starts, the cadre discontinues " Focus in the strange circle concern of becoming for a time social. Government's project, someone regards it as " lucrative post " , " fragrant bun " ,Also someone thinks this is " The Ipomoea batatas Lam. scalding one's hand " ,Can't touch, can not feel. Before the market of tangible building goes on the ordered orbit, the construction responsible institution is knowing the examination and approval authority of the construction project, a lot of people rack one's brains with government's staff members " Put up the relation " , " it is emotional to talk " .

How to guarantee the market mechanism of tangible building plays a basic role in disposing resources rationally, how to take precautions against and prevent the corruption from breeding under more developed market economic condition, it has been that Shenzhen municipal Party committee and government and construction responsible institution have thought unremittingly and hard all the time, historical subject bold in putting things into practice.

The project of the mansion of the trader of country of Shenzhen takes the lead in leading the competition mechanism of the market into the market of building in the whole country at the beginning of reform and opening-up; The trade service centre of construction project established 11 years ago, Shenzhen set up the unitary market of tangible building of the whole city for the first time; In 2001, Shenzhen revealed the bid " base number of a tender " The ones that break through bid " Sneak the rule " ,Open " sunshine homework " Arrival of the times; Shenzhen reduced bid in 2004 " The threshold " ,Have cut off from origin " Corrupt power " ,Have solved" the project starts, the cadre gets down from horse " Century difficult problem,last ones that attract attention " the key element market " Today last year - -June 1, 2008 - -Number that the municipal government of Shenzhen " several regulations on strengthening bidding work management of the construction project " implemented blows the third bid system innovation of Shenzhen again Angle. The focal point of this innovation is to realize the bidding work on the basis of insisting and reforming the direction in marketization " Three is common " Unity of the principle and goal of selecting the superior. This is called in construction cordially " Will bring the market of building in spring " Act of innovations great,it is Shenzhen thought liberations old, be lasted not lasting not making of pot of development views scientific. Annotate, dare, rush, dare, try really, dare to be the first, book only, only have, only only real, non- complacent, unrelaxing and not stopping, is exploring constantly that solves the new situation, new problem in practice, spirit of Shenzhen of realizing and breaking through newly constantly by way of reform, new development.

The bright and beautiful spring breeze is brushing every scenery, the pure sunshine has illuminated every corner, in spring in the times of letting us come into, move ahead boldly and with confidence.

Pioneer and invent and build up the whole country and focus one's attention upon the market of key element in ten years

June 1, 2008, the municipal government of Shenzhen " several regulations on strengthening bidding work of construction project " (call Document No. 86 in the following text) Implement formally, this file has proposed eight requirements in standardizing the market of building of the whole city, also blow the clarion call that the bidding work of construction project in Shenzhen reforms the third innovation. So far, the bidding work reform of the construction project in Shenzhen has gone through three great phased leaps, have realized great system innovation three times, has basically built up " sunshine homework " of the market of tangible building Mechanism.

The bidding work of construction project in Shenzhen relatively starts early, fast growing. In 1981, Shenzhen took the lead in leading the bidding work mechanism into the construction project field in the whole country, begin practice and exploration of the bidding work of construction project. 1993, Shenzhen issue and implement the intersection of the whole country and first the intersection of construction and the intersection of bidding work and local the intersection of regulation and " special economic zone of Shenzhen build the intersection of construction and the intersection of bidding work and regulation ", indicate the bidding work of construction project in Shenzhen goes on the legal orbit. In 1998, as earlier market of tangible building established of the whole country, the construction project trade service centre of the city ran formally, realize the project trade from invisible to tangible, from unordered to the ordered transition.

Since 2002, the construction project accumulative total of the trade that the whole city marched into the arena 1 2 9 9 5 One, bidding work trading turnover of construction is up to 2430 hundred million yuan, save the fund to add up to 344 hundred million yuan through the bidding work. In only 2008, the construction project bidding project in our city amounts to 2542 items, win a bid of the price and add up to 535 hundred million yuan, saved the fund of about 60 hundred million yuan that year. After more than ten years of development, tangible the intersection of building and market become the intersection of our city and time of establishment initially, set up the unit by turnover maximum already at present, for instance key owners such as subway company, market engineering affair administration, city water affair office, energy group, expressway company,etc., train pointed propaganda, it is implemented smoothly that the ones that have guaranteed File No. 86 are overall.

(2) Make relevant related file and measure. Organize drafting of over 20 files and measureses related to File No. 86. Ration text to already examine the procedure, high-quality project incentive method, reconnoitre and design a plurality of files such as the executive regulation of the bidding work, bidding documents demonstration text to already appear on the stage and implement after the qualification. The construction project supervises bidding work method, goods bidding work method, bidding work and complains the treating method etc. and already submits to legal system office of the city for examination.

(3) Adopt the new action of the bidding work and make the preliminary effect. After File No. 86 is implemented, coverage rate and trading volume of the trade center rise by a wide margin. In 2008, besides calling for bid in traditional construction, supervision, other project trade will reach 965 items totally, involve winning a bid of the price of 100 hundred million yuan, increase 172 and 134 respectively compared with the same period of last year. Implement integrally the qualification in constructing and calling for bid, examine the system, has contained and enclosed and marked bunch and marked the phenomenon effectively through the optimizer. Obtain chief contracting enterprise of six of construction of Lu Ban's award to 2007, already according to incentive method and procedure, reward to " strand hospital of the city " And " comprehensive administration project that a district of river of sand drain controls flood and drain flooded fields " The construction of two projects, enterprises strive to run high unprecedentedly in excellent enthusiasm that provides quality goods or brilliant.

(4) System research and preventing the unlawful practice of market of building. Implement Xu ZongHeng mayor about prevent and attack, enclose, mark bunch, mark, design waste, the intersection of base number of a tender and virtual higher the intersection of building and the intersection of market and speech spirit of unlawful practice conscientiously, and study loophole and defect existing in the system at present together with the municipal discipline inspection commission, municipal Supervisory Bureau, have proposed preventing and attacking and enclosing and marking bunch marking it after the building city adopts the qualification to await trial the way call for bid, not setting up registration links and call for bid and know links no longer, the bidder is " in the transaction service network of Shenzhen construction project by oneself " Download bidding documents ' Includes the drawing, engineering work load list,etc.) And addendum file. Do not sign and answer questions on the net, does not concentrate on organizing on-the-spot reconnaissance. Adopt this way, between bidder and bidder, bid invitor and cutting and marking the previous and contactless chance among the bidder, have stopped the bidder enclosing and marking one bunch of phenomena marked, the fair, just image of the strong market of building of our city of maintenance fundamentally.

The innovation three: The bid system is being improved constantly

According to statistics, Document No. 86 will be implemented March of 2009 of late arrival since June of 2008, the project of reconnaissance design, goods purchasing and other services bid finishing will amount to 665 items, increase by 8 compared with the same period of last year 9 . 5 % ; Win a bid of price total 9 6 . 60 hundred million yuan, increase by 9 3 compared with the same period of last year. 1 % .

The trade center has drafted <<Construction project in Shenzhen reconnoitre and design the executive regulation of the bidding work ' Provisional) >>(hereafter referred to as) ,This " executive regulation " begins to implement since August 5, 2008, and written <<Shenzhen builds the engineering bidding documents demonstration text ' First draft) >>,And according to designing the classification of the items, divided into " bidding documents of the architectural design of Shenzhen ", " whether Shenzhen the intersection of construction project and municipal administration design bidding documents ", the intersection of " concept nature call for tender of design competition " and 3 demonstration texts. Reconnoitring the bidding of design object to our city in " executive regulation " and " demonstration text " plays stronger guidance function, market for the tangible building is further to standardize important meaning.

The innovation four: Bid announcement of engineering

Build the diaphaneity of bidding work of engineering in order to strengthen our city, improve democratic decision-making, citizen's participation and social supervision mechanism of building bidding work of engineering, right of being in know and authority to supervise that be is it public to maintained, it promotes that it is open, democratic, high-efficient, clean in the that the bidding workses last engineering /P >

The electron evaluated the tender the system put last year into trying out Shenzhen, 108 projects employed it to evaluate the tender already. Project that the system evaluates the tender that the intersection of 108 application and computer evaluates the tender automatically, win a bid of the price as 1 to the floating downward rate on average of the base number of a tender 5 . 89, win a bid of the price and is in all bid to offer the position on the low side of mean value, has stopped to lift and mark and pass and win a bid of the phenomenon at a low price maliciously effectively. Since last September, this evaluated the tender software still recognised 9 and got up to collude the behavior of evaluating the tender, have offered the effective evidence for that Shenzhen investigated and prosecuted and enclosed marking, bunch and marked the behavior.

The national house and building energy-conservation and department Changwu of Technology Office of Ministry of Construction in urban and rural areas well up showing, this system, to building construction of a clean government of the field, assuming power for the people, offer for enterprise, the society and guide mechanism's great meaning, Shenzhen should do a good job of next popularization, generalizes to the experience the whole country.

Sound and appraising

Document No. 86 brings the construction of Shenzhen into spring

Affair Consulting Co., Ltd. Zhang YuQin in the city water of Shenzhen:

It is a great bright spot to examine the system after the qualification

Adopt the qualification, examine a great bright spot that the system is the file. " back-to-back " It helps to reduce the trouble of the bid invitor to submit a tender, reduce to complain, inhibit enclosing and marking bunch and marking behavioral breeding effectively, have safeguarded the market of building to develop greatly in a healthy way.

The large shovel gulf port investment company Liu Jian of Shenzhen:

Far-reaching great action

Issue and implementation of File No. 86 have far-reaching influence on the bidding of Shenzhen, it is a great action. Having especially put out a series of related file and measure, such as the regulation of examining the procedure, honouring an agreement and appraising etc. after the high quality and favourable price, qualification, make whom system appear adjust, operate problem, get very fine settlement while being a series of.

Evaluate the tender expert Cao have good:

The electron evaluates the tender to let the expert liberate from the data

The coverage rate abundant in content of Document No. 86 is wide, professional lines is stressed, the policy is strong, involve the department more, have given play to positive impact in standardizing the project bidding work of the market of building, the great function in raising bid efficiency, preventing and attacking and enclosing marking bunch marking, containing the malignant price competition etc. has already appeared. The electron evaluates the tender the systematic one is launched and presuming the lower limit of the reasonable tender price, the bidder's bid is offered and can't be lower than the lower limit of this tender price otherwise deemed to be lower than the cost, the bid file can't enter the procedure of evaluating the tender. Win a bid of the price and decrease rate and bid and offer lower limit and consult the issue of the section equally, have got up and guided the reasonable quotation of construction enterprise, the positive role of stopping evil intention winning a bid at a low price.

In the face of the situation of serious safety in production day by day, it it introduces after building construction cost administrative department city that " whether Shenzhen be lasted temporary means to be built by construction site security civilized construction measure fee " after that characteristics localling and << Rule of valuating of fee list of safe civilized construction measure of the construction project in Shenzhen>>, stipulate clearly the measure fee of the safe civilization must allocate a fund for its specified purpose, pay in full amount, have solved the security civilization measure fee existing for a long time and invested less than bit questions of insufficient and fund fundamentally, have offered abundant material guarantee for site security management of construction, valid prevention and avoiding the emergence of the incident. At present, the project of No.5 Route of the rail transportation has already adopted this method, and make the obvious effect.

It should be to the fluctuation of price of market of building appearing to be positive, build the administrative department of construction cost and issue and build engineering material price risk management, will build the risk producing in fluctuation of price of the market to assign fairly and rationally between bearing and taking place both sides of bag. Supplement and improve the contract demonstration text, the formula of readjusting the price while further defining the range of the main building material and fluctuation of price of the market through contract terms at the same time, set up one set and deal with undulatory long-efficiency mechanism of market price of the building, reducing the adverse effect that the fluctuation of price of market of building brings to engineering construction greatly.

Supervising promotes fair signing sincerity to honour an agreement

Contract management is a core of the whole project management, it is an important action of standardizing the market of building to build the construction contract and is put on record. City build the intersection of construction cost and administrative department divide contract into, make red green, examine pointedly. Put on record the contract found in the course and contracted the range in the requesting, range of calling for bid with construction and is inconsistent to the contract, count, leak and count behaviors such as the cost of contract,etc., is found and deal with together together according to relevant laws and regulations few on purpose. Data display, the city has built the administrative organ of construction cost and handled and built 1980 copies of filing construction contracts together over one year, among them the construction contract is put on record 892, supervise 391 contracts, 683 specialized subcontracts, 14 subcontracts of labor service; Correct and include " Overlord's clause " In the inner contract term more than 1360 place in violation of rules and regulations, have improved the contract and signed quality greatly.

The changing of work is a key factor of influencing the construction cost, control rationally the construction cost must strengthen the control over changing of work. In recent years, the city builds the administrative organ of construction cost and sets up a set of complete filing systems of changing of work in the real work progressively, alteration situation of the project of capital investment is put on record in accordance with the law, require the eligible changing of work to report to the city and build the administrative department of construction cost in advance and is put on record, turn the changing of work into in advance controlling from supervising afterwards, guarantee necessity and rationality of changing of work from system, have contained the excessive phenomenon of the changing of work effectively, has solved the problem that the final fabrication cost of the construction project exceed the contract price greatly to a certain extent.

Ruggedization supervises and prevents the base number of a tender from being virtual and high

Evil intention won a bid at a low price, the virtual higher abnormal phenomenon of base number of a tender has been that the bid links of market of building have cured chronic illness not healed for a long time all the time. In order to do the censorship of base number of a tender well, Shenzhen is not that the finance state-run fund invests in the construction of the examination method of the construction cost that the construction cost administrative department of the city is set about drafting, clear principle, content and procedure not examined and supervised by the finance base number of a tender of project of state-run capital investment, and through setting up the technical and economic index storehouse of base number of a tender, carrying on the engineering work load of the base number of a tender to calculate measures such as the research and development of the software,etc., have improved the examination method of the base number of a tender, has taken shape and supervised to the base number of a tender of the project of calling for bid effectively, have raised the base number of a tender and worked out quality and operating efficiency objectively.

Preliminary statistics, 86 Document No. of municipal government was implemented for over one year, the city has built the administrative department of construction cost and examined 15 items of base number of a tender together, examine the amount of money 3 of the fabrication cost . 5 hundred million yuan, costs 0 to examine and make cuts. The kernel decrement rate of 16 hundred million yuan is 4 . 58, examine and already win initial success in stopping up the market price loophole in base number of a tender.

In addition, the city builds the administrative department of construction cost in order to strengthen the subsequent management of base number of a tender as the eye spot, work out a set of complete base number of a tender and spot check the system, spot check and verify through the base number of a tender to already finishing the auctioning procedure, realize the dynamic supervision of the base number of a tender, work out behavior and base number of a tender virtual high phenomenon of practising fraud in the course in strong base number of a tender of blow. Up to now, spot check, open bid 3 of base number of a tender already together, examine 2 fabrication cost. 35 hundred million yuan, examine and reduce 0 fabrication costs. 32 hundred million yuan, decrement rate of kernel is 1 3. 82, has reduced the emergence of the virtual high phenomenon of the base number of a tender to a certain extent.

Pursue the sunshine homework and implement and close examining

Fabrication cost close examine, build the intersection of construction cost and main function of administrative department, also build a strong line of defence where the field repelled the corrupting influence and get ready for emergency. In recent years, the city builds the administrative department of construction cost and regards scientific development view as guidelines, launch the sunshine inside the department thoroughly to examine the activity, the positive complete censorship on one hand, the focal point is to simplify the audit program, raise and examine quality and examine efficiency. At present, have already succeeded in summarizing a set of censorships taking crossing and mutually examined, has been responsible for in grades, set up successive check as characteristic, examine the diaphaneity of the course and check consequential reliability is obviously improved, check consequential public trust and the society approve degree is improved notably, since implemented according to 86 Document No. of statistics, city the intersection of fabrication cost and administrative department check project close 46, examine 4 8 fabrication cost together. 1 hundred million yuan, costs 1 to examine and make cuts. 14 hundred million yuan has prevented winning a bid at a low price, emergence of the settlement phenomenon at high price effectively, run off after reducing the state-run fund.

On the other hand disclose the fabrication cost and examine information consciously, accept the social supervision. Practise for many years, city build the intersection of construction cost and administrative department find out, examine the information sharing mechanism by one online information issue, off the net the intersection of department and fabrication cost of linkage, to checking the unlawful practice found in the course is given in the network commonly and shown in time. At the same time, to the supervisory department, build administrative responsibile institution and state-owned assets supervision and administation institute to carry on communications, the ones that have really realized fabrication cost management of the construction project are open, transparent.

Lead interview

Strengthen the construction of market of tangible building

Expand the domestic demand to protect and increase

The standing committee of the municipal Party committee, Vice Mayor Lu RuiFeng:

Strengthen the construction of market of tangible building

Expand the domestic demand to protect and increase

"Promote the health of the market of tangible building to develop fast, since optimize the allocation of resources, standardize the market order, constructs and antisepticizes and protects history of the honest system to need, implement this year investment in fixed assets, guarantee, invest in project construction, promote economics and society to be fine quick reality of development need also while being great. " The standing committee of the municipal Party committee, Vice Mayor Lu RuiFeng say, it is the important links of ensuring socio-economic development to strengthen the market of tangible building and build when being interviewed by reporter.

The re-set target of the economic growth of our city confirms tentatively, G D P increases about 10 compared with the same period of last year this year, per person G D P increases about 9 compared with the same period of last year. In order to implement" Protecting increases, protects stably, protects the people's livelihood " Work arrangements and requiring,last 842 pieces municipal government investment plan, plan to arrange the annual total amount of investment 5 9 6 . 6 hundred million yuan. Batch great project of involving the national economy and the people's livelihood, such as track traffic projects, large luck venue project, medical health facilities,etc., will enter construction peak period this year. Lu RuiFeng says, in the course of project construction, needs to pass the standardized operation of market of tangible building, create the fair market environment. Through the bidding work activity, save the construction fund, guarantee engineering quality, improve investment benefit and social benefit of the investment project.

In recent years, our city is through deepening the bidding work reform, has realized great system innovation three times, have promoted the development of leap-type the market of tangible building. The construction project has realized the centralized trade, it is disclosed that the transaction program is transparent day by day, the basic norm of every body behavior of the bidding work, the unlawful practice is contained tentatively. The construction project bidding work of our city is reformed and the market of tangible building builds and walks in the forefront of the whole province, even the whole country all the time. At present, tangible the intersection of building and market become the intersection of our city and time of establishment initially already the intersection of turnover and maximum, influence the intersection of surface and most wide, one the intersection of key element and market that society pay close attention to most. Improving the socialist market economy system, changing government's function, improving the investment climate, constructing and building anti-corruption of the field protects and prevents respects such as the system,etc. from playing a positive role honestly.

Lu RuiFeng hopes, all related departments of the whole city should obey and serve the socio-economic development overall situation of our city, according to the bidding work which mayor Xu ZongHeng puts forward " Three is unified " ,Namely unify the sales platform, unified policies and measures, principle of unified supervision and control, spare no effort to support and assist to build administrative responsibile institution and trade center and strengthen the control over bidding work, give full play to the advantage of the centralized trade of the construction project, promote urban construction and engineering construction management level in an all-round way.

Deputy Secretary of discipline inspection commission of Shenzhen, Yang Hong of chief of Supervisory Bureau:

Strengthen supervision and guarantee the sunshine homework of bid

" the system of evaluating the tender of electron, marks evaluating automatically, technology and marks auxiliary evaluating, credit to mark automatically through the commercial affair (or assist) Advanced technique of evaluating etc., expert's human factor, efficiency and quality of raising and evaluating the tender that have already reduced and evaluated the tender, still can catch and suspected of being involved in enclosing and marking one bunch of behaviors marked, protect the honest good assistant as anti-corruption. " Deputy Secretary of discipline inspection commission of Shenzhen, monitoring the enormous driving force that chief Yang Hong brings to Document No. 86 to building trade of Shenzhen for very high appraisal.

He says, Document No. 86 is purchased to serving purchase, relevant goods the first time,etc. the trading activity of all kinds of project has been standardized; The ones that realize the bidding work sales platform of the construction project, policies and measures and supervise and control " Three is unified " ,Have solved the problem that every district, every department supervise and control a wide a tight one for the first time; Pass behind the qualification examining, evaluating the tender quality feedback, high quality and favourable price reward, evaluate the tender the intersection of method and the intersection of person who innovate and means, have solved it in the bidding work tentatively " Select the superior " With " fair " Make overall plans difficult problem; Assert the system, bidding work joint conference system, bid case are jointly investigated and transferred the system through setting up and colluding the directness submitting a tender, the relevant department's strength of integration, devote more efforts to and investigates and prosecutes to the blow of the unlawful practicing.

After Document No. 86 was implemented, the supervisory department of Shenzhen has strengthened the supervision of the bidding work field of the construction project. Yang Hong tells reporters, they, through promoting and implementing the innovation of system of competitive bidding and method, guarantee conscientiously great project of governmental investment can " Fast, effective " The ground contributes to spur economic growth; They improve the bidding work joint conference system of the construction project, research and solve the important issue in the institutional improvement of bid together with related departments, coordinate and investigate and prosecute the bid important case and complain in time, the strength of further integration construction project domain administration and administrative supervision; Strengthen and complain to the bidding work of construction project that investigates with the case; Superintended and checked and starts with from the great construction project, strengthen and supervise to the whole link chain of the great construction project, strengthen the control of the construction unit.

It is introduced, the supervisory department is building the government great construction project electron and monitoring system and construction project trade electron and monitoring the system, governmental investment great to build the intersection of project implementation and the whole link chain, cover the electron with to monitor all to the whole city, and monitor the trade of construction project especially and make great efforts to realize " sunshine " of the bidding work of project Homework, protect the health of the market of building to develop steadily.

Person in charge of construction bureau of Shenzhen:

The market of tangible building sets up a milestone

"Stationery No. 86 has function of the milestone, it is the product that the market of tangible building of Shenzhen has innovated for many years. " Build in Shenzhen to chief Li RongQiang of more than 20 years of system work and tell reporters yesterday, because the special zone of Shenzhen is bearing the mission of innovation, the lasting innovation for many years, make the market of tangible building of Shenzhen become one of the markets standardized most in the whole country, protect a honest important fort as anti-corruption.

In February of this year, first " Shenzhen achieves national high-quality construction and rewards the announcement of the scheme " Scale newses heavy last heart of building enterprises countless: The municipal government is right to get " 2007 Chinese architectural engineering Lu Ban's award " Six construction rewarding," the city strand hospital " respectively And " comprehensive strength project that a district of river of sand drain controls flood and drain flooded fields " Two items of total are up to the project of 16 hundred million yuan. Whom above-mentioned six enterprise obtain not only Grand Prix, but also it is the intersection of Shenzhen and high-quality the intersection of project and incentive system that implement benefited batch enterprise.

"Though there is not clear clause that stipulate that can reward the project on the regulation of the country, but policy of this reward of ours has reflected the legislative spirit of the bid law creatively. Seem to reward the behavior and has not passed the bid pro forma on the surface, in fact these enterprises use one's own energies and intelligence, by paying and pursuing engineering quality diligently by oneself, carrying on ' bid ' in fact. " RongQiang Li say " 86 Document No. the building trade raise the upsurge of striving for high-quality up-market project in Shenzhen, 4 projects in our city obtained ' Lu Ban's award ' last year, it was the most in recent years. "

Besides rewarding the project, Li RongQiang recommends Shenzhen to examine the system after also implementing the qualification, have pursued the system of evaluating the tender of electron, has implemented a great deal of great innovation such as three unitary transaction modes.

After examining after implementing the qualification, bidding work links are reduced to some extent, the auctioning procedure is further simplified, " back-to-back " Submitting a tender contains and encloses and marks bunch and marks the behavior effectively, because the problem not enough to cause flowing to mark of the number of people of bid has been solved, the efficiency of bidding work is obviously improved, the cycle of calling for bid shortens time of half; Human factor that the electron evaluates the tender and probably presents in preventing the expert from evaluating the tender, the course is more objective and just so as to evaluate the tender. It is introduced, the commercial affairs of all construction projects of service centre of trade of construction project in Shenzhen have marked and evaluated that has already realized that evaluate the tender automatically at present, technology mark and credit mark evaluate, improve automaticity too, realize and assist evaluating. After implementing the centralized trade of the project, the construction project in our city has formed the unified sales platform, unified policies and measures, situation of unified supervision and control tentatively.