Beyond the Sky

Another tools that improve c source code reading beside ctags. With cscope, it make function call search more effective. It allows you to search the function, enum, class within the source code in same directory and also library header such as stdlib.h stdio.h etc.

Its easy to start working with cscope, first apt-get install cscope, at the source code directory type 'cscope -R'. Copy cscope_maps.vim to vim/plugin location, if your vim is 6.x.x. Then, vi your source code and move your cursor to the keyword you wanna search, press 'ctrl \' 's'

The result will be shown at the list with numbers, pick one. To go back 'ctrl t'.

p/s:
my vim plugin directory at /usr/share/vim/vim63/plugin/

This is the complete guide line.
http://cscope.sourceforge.net/cscope_vim_tutorial.html

A Senior programmer facing problem with mono and it remains unsolved. This leading the programmer shifting from Microsoft .net / mono to dotGNU portable.NET. As many people knows what .net is about, if you don't, that means you are either not in this field or outdated. Anyway may be you never heard about mono or dotgnu.

Mono is a project led by Novell, Inc. (formerly by Ximian) to create an ECMA standard compliant (Ecma-334 and Ecma-335), .NET compatible set of tools, including among others a C# compiler and a Common Language Runtime. Mono can be run on Linux, FreeBSD, UNIX, Mac OS X, Solaris and Windows based computers.
Quote from wikipedia

DotGNU Portable.NET, an implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), more commonly known as .NET, includes everything that you need to compile and run C# and C applications that use the base class libraries, XML, and Systems.Windows.Forms. Currently supported CPUs: x86, PPC, ARM, PARISC, s390, ia-64, Alpha, MIPS, Sparc. Supported operating systems: GNU/Linux (on PCs, Sparc, iPAQ, Sharp Zaurus, PlayStation 2, Xbox,...), *BSD,Cygwin/Mingw32, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX and Microsoft Windows.
Quote from wikipedia

It seems that mono project and dotGNU are the same, both are open source, but after reading wikipedia, i discover that mono have complicated licensing by Novell, where dotGNU is free software and have complicated philosophy behind it (This page shows you the danger of using microsoft .net and explain their objective of this dotGNU project)

To get dotGNU installed in debian is easy, apt-get install pnet. But if you want it work under RPM based Linux like Fedora or Centos, you need to compile yourself. (Bare in mind, the binaries from apt-get is not uptodate.)

To make it work at least you need treecc, pnet and pnetlib. You can download it.)

Dependencies
gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel flex byacc

Bellow are the simple script to ease the newcomers to try out if you are rpm based linux user. If you successfully install, the snake game will be running.

#!/bin/sh
echo "Solves the Dependencies"
yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel flex byacc

echo "Compile treecc-0.3.8"
tar -zxvf treecc-0.3.8.tar.gz
cd treecc-0.3.8
sh configure
make
make install
cd ..

echo "Compile pnet-0.7.4"
tar -zxvf pnet-0.7.4.tar.gz
cd pnet-0.7.4
sh configure
make
make install
cd ..

echo "Compile pnetlib-0.7.4"
tar -zxvf pnetlib-0.7.4.tar.gz
cd pnetlib-0.7.4
sh configure
make
make install

cd samples/simple
ilrun snake.exe

To declare a const pointer point to an array, look at the four lines

1 int const* q = new int[50];
2 int* const q = new int[50];
3 const int* q = new int[50];
4 const* int q = new int[50];

Do they means the same? Not all are the same. Line 4 is invalid declaration, line 1 and 3 are identical.
For line 1 and 3, the value in the array are constant, you can move your pointer like q++ but you cannot change the value like *q=8 or q[0]=8
For line 2, the pointer is constant, that means you may change the value but you may not move your pointer like q++.

It can be very confusing, thats why i blog it for future reference.

//: C10:Singleton.cpp
// Static member of same type, ensures that
// only one object of this type exists.
// Also referred to as the "singleton" pattern.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Egg {
static Egg e;
int i;
Egg(int ii) : i(ii) {}
Egg(const Egg&); // Prevent copy-construction
public:
static Egg* instance() { return &e; }
int val() const { return i; }
};
Egg Egg::e(47);
int main() {
//! Egg x(1); // Error -- can't create an Egg
// You can access the single instance:
cout << Egg::instance()->val() << endl;
} ///:~

pick from thinking in c++ by Bruce Eckel, pg 454

This is an example code that a class where only a single object can be create.

On the halfway of reading "Thinking in C++ by Bruce Eckel", I just realized that, Object Oriented Programming in C++ can be written without using "class".

//: C05:Class.cpp
// Similarity of struct and class
struct A {
private:
int i, j, k;
public:
int f();
void g();
};
int A::f() {
return i + j + k;
}
void A::g() {
i = j = k = 0;
}
// Identical results are produced with:
class B {
int i, j, k;
public:
int f();
void g();
};
int B::f() {
return i + j + k;
}
void B::g() {
i = j = k = 0;
}
int main() {
A a;
B b;
a.f(); a.g();
b.f(); b.g();
} ///:~

The source code picked from the book page 290 shows that struct A and class B are the same. Object can be defined in struct exacally the same way as class, except that class defaults to private, whereas struct defaults to public.