Area - Total 916,445 km2 (33rd) 353,841 sq mi - Water (%) 0.32
and a land area of 882,050 square kilometres (340,560 sq mi), making it the 33rd largest country.
Standard time zone: UTC/GMT -4:30 hours
Location: On the northern coast of South America.
The territory it controls lies between latitudes 0° and 13°N, and longitudes 59° and 74°W.
Borders: West: Colombia East: Guyana South: Brazil North: The Caribbean Sea
Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast.
Population: With an estimated population of 29,105,632, Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east
Geography Geologically its mainland rests on the South American Plate.
Regions: Most observers describe Venezuela in terms of four fairly well-defined topographical regions: 1. The Maracaibo lowlands in the northwest 2. The northern mountains extending in a broad east-west arc from the Colombian border along the northern Caribbean coast 3. The wide plains in central Venezuela 4. The Guiana highlands in the southeast.
The northern mountains are the extreme northeastern extensions of South America's Andes mountain range reach. Pico Bolívar, the nation's highest point at 4,979 metres (16,335 ft), lies in this region.
To the south, the dissected Guiana Highlands contains the northern fringes of the Amazon Basin and Angel Falls, the world's highest waterfall as well as tepuis, large table-like mountains.
The country's center is characterized by the llanos, which are extensive plains that stretch from the Colombian border in the far west to the Orinoco River delta in the east. The Orinoco, with its rich alluvial soils, binds the largest and most important river system of the country; it originates in one of the largest watersheds in Latin America. The Caroní and the Apure are other major rivers.
Resources: Venezuela most significant natural resources are petroleum and natural gas, iron ore, gold and other minerals. It also has large areas of arable land and water.
Climate
Though Venezuela is entirely situated in the tropics, its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as 28 °C (82.4 °F), to glaciers and highlands (the páramos) with an average yearly temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F).
Annual rainfall varies between 430 millimetres (16.9 in) in the semiarid portions of the northwest to 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) in the Orinoco Delta of the far east.
Most precipitation falls between June and October (the rainy season or "winter"); the drier and hotter remainder of the year is known as "summer", though temperature variation throughout the year is not as pronounced as at temperate latitudes.
The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation, having Tropical, Dry, Temperate with Dry Winters, and Polar (Alpine tundra) climates, amongst others.
In the tropical zone—below 800 meters (2,625 feet)temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between 26 and 28 °C (78.8 and 82.4 °F).
The temperate zone ranges between 800 and 2,000 meters (2,625 and 6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77 °F); many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region.
Colder conditions (9 to 11 °C / 48.2 to 51.8 °F) are found in the cool zone (2,000 and 3,000 meters / 6,562 and 9,843 ft), especially in the Venezuelan Andes, where Pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8 °C (46 °F) cover land above 3,000 meters (9,843 ft) in the high mountain areas known as the páramos.
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