nguyen the anh

English thesics

Wednesday, July 2, 2008 3:32:09 PM

A-Passive Voice :
I.Form : S + be + past participle…
*Present simple Passive :
S +am/is/are + Past participle
*Past simple passive:
S + was/were + past participle
*Present progressive Passive:
S + am/is/are + being +past participle
*Future simple Passive:
S + will + be +past participle
*Near Future passive:
S + am/is/are + going to + be +Past participle
*Past Progressive Passive:
S + was/were + being + Past participle
* Present perfect Passive :
S + have/has + been +Past participle
*Past perfect Passive Voice:
S + had + been +past participle
II.The way to change the Active into the passive:

-chuyển tân ngữ của câu chủ động sang làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động và ngược lại
-Tobe của câu chủ động ở thì nào ,ở câu bị đoọng ở thì đó
-chuyển động từ chính của câu chủ động sang hình thức quá khứ phân từ sau giới từ by S +be+ adv of manner +Past participle +place +by OBJ +time..

Notice:
* S +have/has + s.o +V (inf)… --> Cầu khiến chủ động
=> S +have/has +sth +past participle… -->Cầu khiến bị động
Eg: He had someone design a cardHe had a card designed.
* .
* …
Eg :melt the mixture until it becomes a liquid.
 The mixture is melted until it becomes a liquid.

B-The simple tenses :

SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE FUTURE
POSITIVE Tobe:
I +am
You/we/they+are
She/he/it+is
Ordinary verb:
I/you/we/they +V(inf)
She/he/it +V-s/es

Tobe:
I/she/he/it +was…
You/we/they +were
Ordinary verb:
S + V(past)-V-ed
-Irregular verb
S + will+v(inf)…
Note :
I/we + shall
negative Tobe:
I +amnot
You/we/they+arenot(aren’t)
She/he/it +isnot(isn’t)
Ordinary verb:
I/you/we/they+donot+V(inf)
She/he/it+doesnot(doesn’t) Tobe:
I/she/he/it+wasnot(wasn’t)
You/we/they+werenot (weren’t)
Ordinary verb:
S +did not(didn’t)+V(inf). S +willnot/shallnot +V(inf)
Nghi vÊn
Tobe:
Are +you/we/they+…?
Is +she/he/it+……?
Ordinary verb:
Do +you/we/they+V(inf)..?
Does +she/he/it +V(inf)…? Tobe:
Was +she/he/it +….?
Were +you/we/they+…?
Ordinary verb:
Did +S +V(inf)…? Will/shall +S+V(inf)..?
Usage Dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i
Dïng dÓ diÔn t¶ mét thãi quen ,hay mét sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn Dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng hµnh déng ®• x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø,chÊm døt ë hiÖn t¹i,kh«ng liªn quan ®Õn t¬ng lai. Dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai nhng kh«ng ch¾c ch¾n.
Tr¹ng tõ chñ yÕu Today,everyday/week/month,
Always,constantly,frequently
Usually,sometimes,never,often, occasionally,…. Ago,lastweek/month/year, yesterday,in the past,….. Someday, sometime, tomorrow,in+a period of time.,..
Note V-es:
TËn cïng o.x,s,sh,ch..

C.the other tenses:
1.The near future
*Form:
Possitive: S + AM/IS/ARE +GOING TO +V (INF)..
NEGATIVE: S +AM/IS/ARE +NOT +GOING TO +V (INF)..
INTERROGATIVE: AM/IS/ARE + S +GOING TO +V (INF)…?
*USAGE:
DïNG §Ó DIÔN T¶ MéT KÕ HO¹CH HAY MéT Dù §ÞNH ,MéT HµNH §éng s¾p söa x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn.
*adverb:
Next (week…)
On summer vacation
Tomorrow
Tonight
Someday
….
2.THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
*FORM:
POSSITIVE: S +HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE…
NEGATIVE:S +HAVE/HAS +NOT +PAST PARTICIPLE…
INTERROGATIVE: HAVE/HAS + S +PAST PARTICIPLE…?
*USAGE:
DïNG §Ó DIÔN T¶ MéT HAY NHIÒU HµNH §éng ®• x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø kÐo dµi cho ®Õn hiÖn t¹i,cã thÓ tíi t¬ng lai.
*preposition:
Since + a point of time
For +a period of time
Tríc since dïng th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh th× sau since dïng qu¸ khø ®¬n.
Eg: We haven’t met him since we left school.
NÕu kho¶ng thêi gian kÐo dµi tõ qu¸ khø ®Õn hiÖn t¹i,®éng tõ dïng ë th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh.cßn nÕu chØ x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø th× ®éng tõ dïng qu¸ khø ®¬n .
Eg: He has lived here for ten year (he is still living there)
He lived here for ten years (he doesn’t live there)
*ADVERBS :
NEVER §øng sau trî ®éng tõ thêng have/has,tríc qu¸ khø ph©n tõ.
EVER Riªng ever thêng dïng trong c©u hái.
JUST
ALREADY
Eg: I’ve never been there.
We have just done the housework.
He has already written the letter.
Have you ever seen the picture?

LATELY §øng sau qu¸ khø ph©n tõ hoÆc cuèi c©u.
RECENTLY Riªng yet dïng trong phñ ®Þnh vµ nghi vÊn
YET

Eg: Have you finished your writing yet?

3.THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE:
*FORM:
POSSITIVE: S +AM/IS/ARE + V-ING….
NEGATIVE: S +AM/IS/ARE +NOT +V -ING…
INTERROGATIVE: AM/IS/ARE + S +V-ING…?
*USAGE :
DïNG §Ó DIÔN T¶ MéT HAY NHIÒU HµNH §éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm ë hiÖn t¹i hay lóc nãi.dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét ®ù ®Þnh hay mét hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn.
*adverbs:
Now,right now,at the moment,at present,at this time,..
Verbs: look!stop!keep silent!
Eg: now,I am living in ho xa town.
Look!it is raining.
note :
• ë mét thêi ®iÓm cô thÓ,®éng tõ còng cã thÓ chia ë th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn.
He is watering in the garden.
• th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi tr¹ng tõ “always”
form: S +am/is/are +always +v –ing….
 dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra thêng xuyªn ë hiÖn t¹i,biÓu thÞ ý phµn nµn….
He is always forgetting his homework.

4.THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE:
FORM:
POSSITIVE:S +WAS/WERE +V-ING….
NEGATIVE: S + WAS/WERE +NOT + V-ING….
INTERROGATIVE: WAS/WERE + S +V-ING…?
*USAGE:
DÙNG §Ó DIÔN T¶ NH÷NG HµNH §Éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm ë qu¸ khø.Khi hai hµnh ®éng x¶y ra cïng lóc,hµnh ®éng nµy ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kia x¶y ra.hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra dïng qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn ,hµnh ®éng kia dïng qu¸ khø ®¬n.
*averbs :when or while
d.present participle- past participle:
form: prest-participle: V –ing
past-participle : n»m trong cét thø ba cña b¶ng ®éng tõ bÊt qui t¾c (víi ®éng tõ bÊt qui t¾c)
- thªm -ed ®èi víi ®éng tõ theo qui t¾c.
e.c©u gi¸n tiÕp víi if /whether:
form: s1 + ask/said/wonder… + s2 +if/whether +……
®éng tõ ph¶I lïi vÒ mét th×.
f.c©u trùc tiÕp sang gi¸n tiÕp:
khi c©u trùc tiÕp gi¸n tiÕp sau ®éng tõ said,told…th× ®éng tõ cña c©u trùc tiÕp ph¶I lïi vÒ mét th×.(kÌm theo c¸c tr¹ng tõ )
Hiªn t¹i ®¬n  qu¸ khø ®¬n
HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn  qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
Will  would
HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh  qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
Qu¸ khø ®¬n  qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh
Must  had to
Now then/immediately
Todaythat day
Yesterday the day before/the previous day
Tomorrow  the next day/the following day
Ago before
Next weekthe following week
Herethere
Thisthat
Thesethose
Cancould/be able to
Tonightthat night
Last nightthe night before
Two days agotwo days before/earlier
g.compound word:
form: n –v-ing
meaning: to shorten sentences
eg: I’m interested in the rice-cooking in the festival.
h.Verb + to verb….
Want
Decide
Hope(*)
Start(*) to v
Begin(*)
Finish(*)
Would like
Would love
Prefer
Try to verb
Stop(*)
Remember(*)
Forget(*)
Plan
Wonder
Arrange
Note:
(*) nh÷ng ®éng tõ nµy ngoµi lµm cho ®éng tõ kh¸c ë d¹ng to-v cßn cã thÓ cã d¹ng v-ing.
i.verb + v-ing..

like
enjoy
dislike
love
hate
practice + v-ing
avoid
mind
suggest
seem
miss
go
spend
interested (+in)

k.would you mind……/do you mind……

would you mind +v-ing…..?
+if + S + v (past simple)…

Do you mind + v-ing….
+if + s +v (present simple)..
l.verb +verb (inf)…
feel
help
can
may
might v (inf)
have/has/had to
had better
should
could

m.adjective:
adj + to-V
adj +that –clause  adj +to-V +that-clause