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Psychology

The basic essence to wonderful life

History of Psychology

History
 

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-Theophrastus -
study of botany, treatise on physiological psychology (on the senses), a collection of personality sketches (characters);

-Galen -
influenced medicine with his theory of humors. Was a practitioner. Integrated anatomy and physiology.

-Homer-(applied psychology).
"Nothing is sweeter than home." Is considered the greatest of the epic poets. Homer was a psycho-historian. Wrote two great epic masterpieces, the Iliad and the Odyssey.

-Sophocles-
"Tis not my nature to join in hating, but in loving." A major tragic poet of the 5th century BC. The Athenian audiences responded enthusiastically to his emergence as his work was animated by serenity and was therefore most appropriate to meet the requirements of an audience enjoying the triumphs of Athens. He brought about many innovations in the art of dramaturgy.

The Greeks regarded the soul as the source of consciousness and life.

They developed a 2-aspect theory of the soul: 1) Thymos - aspect involved in thought and emotion and perishes with the body; and 2) Psyche - aspect considered immortal. Psychology was derived from this aspect.

Early scientific and philosophical thought was primarily qualitative. Quantitative analyses were scarce--Thales, Euclid and Pythagoras used quantification.

Reason and observation, unaided by instruments, were the methods by which the majority of the first scientific knowledge was derived.

Two branches of Greek thought then contributed to the development of modern science: Cosmology and rationalism.

a) Cosmology = the study of the universe or cosmos --- how it originated, its structure and evolution.
(Major contributor-- Democritus (460-370 BC) postulated the atomic theory of the universe).

b) Rationalism--used reason. Now known as the deductive method or the hypothetico-deductive methods,
by means of which scientists attempt to postulate a rational set of assumptions to be tested by experiment.

In summary, the Greeks recognized the significance of what has become four important stages in the scientific method:

a) Naturalistic observation;

b) Analysis and classification of natural phenomena into meaningful descriptive categories;

c) Formulation of hypotheses of cause and effect on the basis of such analyses; and,

d) Value of quantitative methods (Euclid and Pythagoras).

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